During the winter solstice, the North Pole is tilted 23.5 degrees away from the sun. This is the reason why the Arctic Circle does not receive any sunlight.
You're describing an Equinox -- either March 21 or September 21.
The sun can never be higher in the sky at the north pole than it is in the sky at New York City. The highest solar elevation at the north pole is 23.5 degrees, on June 21. On the same date, the solar elevation around 1:00 PM EDT in Manhattan's Central Park is about 73 degrees.
It is never 'totally dark' at the South Pole, but there are six months of no sunrises. During those sunrise-less months at the South Pole, the Sun shines on the Northern Hemisphere. These phenomenon are caused by the tilt of the earth as it wobbles its way through the universe.
No. The true north pole is the northern point about which the earth spins. If you were to spin, the ball would have a north and south pole; the poles would be the 'top' and 'bottom' of the spin, which would move very little compared with the ring around the circumference of the ball halfway between the 'top' and 'bottom' or 'north' and 'south' poles (which on earth is the line of latitude we call the equator). The magnetic north pole is vaguely near the north pole, but not exactly; the true north pole lies within the arctic ocean, but the magnetic pole currently lays near Ellesmere Island in northern Canada, but is moving toward Siberia at a rate of around 35 miles per year. The true north pole marking the "top" axis about which the earth spins is relatively fixed. At the north pole, the sun rises and sets only once per year. Further, time zones are absolutely meaningless, as if one were able to stand precisely at the north pole, one would occupy every time zone, from GMT to the International Date Line, simultaneously. The only 'direction' one can travel walking any line from the true North Pole is south.
The definition of vertical is dependent of the scale. On a small scale, it means going straight up, at right angles to the [levelled] surface of the earth at that point. Alternatively, going up the page. Because the earth is approximately spherical, the vertical direction at he equator is different from the vertical direction at the North Pole. On that scale, one could consider the line joining the South Pole to the North Pole as the vertical. But that definition fails when you consider the earth over its orbit. So you could define it in terms of the North and South poles of the sun. But the sun itself is not stationary and so on.
Australia experiences summer when the sun does not set at the South Pole. At this time, the South Pole is experiencing its own summer season, known as the Midnight Sun phenomenon, where there is continuous daylight for several months.
Winter. The Earth has an axis, tilted at about 23.5° from the perpendicular to Earth's orbit. When the Earth's north pole is tilted towards the Sun, the northern hemisphere is in summer while the southern hemisphere is in winter. That's the main time when the Sun doesn't set at the north pole. When the Earth's north pole is tilted away from the Sun the southern hemisphere is in summer while the northern hemisphere is in winter.
Where it was on the other 364 days of the year. The North Pole does not move, you are thinking of the Magnetic North Pole.
When the North Pole is facing the sun, it is summer in the northern hemisphere. This is because the angle of sunlight is more direct in the hemisphere experiencing summer, leading to warmer temperatures.
In North America, the season when the north pole points toward the sun is Summer.
In North America, the season when the north pole points toward the sun is Summer.
Summer
summer
24 Hours. On summer solstice the earth is tilted toward the sun and it shines continuously at the north pole.
Summer
summer
If you had been at the north pole for the whole day on June 21 of this year, you would have noticed the sun at an altitude of about 23 degrees 26 minutes 14 seconds around the first hour of the day. The sun would have reached a maximum of 23 degrees 26 minutes and 18 seconds in the early afternoon. By the end of the day, it would have begun its slow descent and it would be at 23 degrees 26 minutes 16 seconds. These slight changes wouldn't be noticeable to you. You would just see the sun going around the sky, staying at 23 degrees 26 minutes throughout the entire 24 hour period.