You are not directly observing it
Studying how seismic waves refract inside the earth and if they "cast shadows" indicating that some layers inside earth are opaque to some types of seismic waves. Seismic waves "illuminate" the interior of the earth like light waves illuminate a room, permitting what is there to be seen if you have the correct tools to observe them.
Only primary waves travel thought the earths interior because S waves cannot travel through the liquid portion of Earths interior and P waves can. Whoever you are, you were just schooled by an eighth grader =)
Convection of liquid metals in the outer core creates the Earth's magnetic field.
The deep interior of the Earth can be mapped using seismic waves. Natural earthquakes produce seismic signals which penetrate the Earth. Timing the arrival of these waves at various sites round the world, gives indication of the shape and the wave velocity in the Earths interior. Rather similar to the way a CAT scan can reveal the interior of a person.
light and heat(i heard some1 say radiation 1ce but i dont think its true)
Seismic waves
The earths interior is cold
Rock samples and Indirect evidence from seismic waves Direct evidence from rocks samples and indirect samples from seismic waves my science teacher told me
Geologists learn about Earth's interior using indirect evidence from seismic waves, magnetic field data, and rock samples from volcanoes and deep drilling. These methods help provide insights into the composition, structure, and properties of Earth's interior layers.
The extreme heat and pressure inside the Earth make it difficult to penetrate deep enough to directly study it. Most of our knowledge comes from indirect methods like seismic waves and volcanic activity. Additionally, the high cost and technical challenges of drilling deep into the Earth make it difficult to conduct extensive research on its interior.
A body wave is a seismic wave that travels through Earths interior.
it depends on the deepth
Geologists cannot directly observe Earth's interior. Instead, they use indirect methods such as seismic waves, gravity studies, and geothermal measurements to infer the characteristics and composition of the Earth's interior. These methods provide valuable insights into the properties of the Earth's layers without the need to physically access them.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes
The movements in the liquid inner core.
Studying how seismic waves refract inside the earth and if they "cast shadows" indicating that some layers inside earth are opaque to some types of seismic waves. Seismic waves "illuminate" the interior of the earth like light waves illuminate a room, permitting what is there to be seen if you have the correct tools to observe them.