can you plug a 115 volt into a 110 volt
NO
Yes.
no
No, the plugs are different to prevent this and even if you could the lamp would be very dim.
no
There is a direct short after the switch.
115 Volt and a 110 Volt can be treated as the same thing. The electrical voltage supplied from your electric company is not exact and can be 120 Volt + or - 10%.
on a standard 110-120 volt recptical the larger contact is the neutrial (white)side the smaller contact is the "hot" side
No. First off, the plug will be different. And even if you replace the plug, it won't work right on the wrong voltage
No, the applied 110 volt is too high for a 3 volt appliance. The appliance would burn out right away.
The bulb will be about half as bright.