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A Diesel engine ignites its fuel by compression. The temperature increase in the cylinder due to friction of compression and will need to reach a temp of about 1,000 deg f. During cold ambient tempters most diesel's will need help and it can done by the use of glow plugs, intake heater, or block heater located in a water jacket. you will most of the time find two of the three systems in use. The block heater may be used with either the glow plugs or an intake heater the block heater is normally a 110v that you plug in to an electrical outlet at home. A glow plug can also be used as a intake heater by placing it in the intake manifold or air intake tube.

This is how they work in a Ford Power Stroke engineGlow Plug System

The 7.3L diesel engine uses a glow plug system which preheats air in the combustion chamber to improve cold engine starting.

The system consists of eight glow plugs, the glow plug control module (12B533), powertrain control module (PCM) (12A650), engine oil temperature (EOT) sensor and barometric pressure sensor (BARO sensor) (12A644).

The glow plug system is electronically controlled by the powertrain control module. The powertrain control module energizes the glow plugs immediately after the key is placed in the ON position and then determines how long the glow plugs will be on according to the engine oil temperature and the barometric pressure. The required time for the glow plugs to be energized decreases as the engine oil temperature and barometric pressure increase.

The glow plugs are self-regulating, and the powertrain control module controls relay ON time.

The powertrain control module protects the glow plugs by energizing them for short durations if the battery voltage is abnormally high.

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