The brightest stars have lower magnitude numbers. So a "First magnitude star" is one of the brightest stars there are.
Some things are even brighter; the planet Venus is sometimes the third brightest thing in the sky (after the Sun and the Moon). The magnitude of Venus can be as bright as -1.
Higher numbers are for dimmer stars. About the dimmest star you could see would be a seventh-magnitude star, but only if the sky were VERY dark.
Low.
Red giants.
They produce light.
Blue stars are very hot stars and so usually have high luminosity.
Main Sequence Stars
There are more low mass stars. this is for two reasons:- # the star forming process generates more low mass stars # High mass stars burn out very quickly and explode as supernovas and thus over time there are less and less of them.
Red giants.
This probably refers to red dwarves. The apparent magnitude depends on the distance, as well as the absolute magnitude, but even the closest red dwarves can't be seen with the naked eye.
Absolute magnitude: they are extremely bright. Temperature: their surface temperature is fairly low.
Magnitude is a measure of brightness, there is no relationship with density.
It isn't. A magnitude 8.0 is a very high intensity earthquake.
There are two terms used to describe a stars brightness, absolute magnitude and apparent magnitude. The one you want is absolute magnitude - this is where the stars distance from us is taken out of the equation, effectively comparing the stars brightness side by side from a set distance (10 parsecs or 32.6 light years). Apparent magnitude is the other measure, this is how bright a star apparently looks from Earth. The huge distances and range of distances involved means that you can have very bright stars (high absolute magnitude) that apparently look as bright as a much closer but dimmer (low absolute magnitude) star - their apparent magnitudes might be similar, but they may have vastly different absolute magnitudes.
In a newly formed star cluster stars with low masses must greaty out number stars with high masses. High mass stars are rare and low mass stars are extremely common.
They produce light.
(Alpha Scorpii) Antares (meaning "Rival of Mars") is the brightest star in Scorpius, one of the constellations in the zodiac. Antares is a M1.5Iab variable red supergiant star that is about 520 light-years from Earth and is about 230 times as big as the Sun. This incredibly massive, old, low-temperature (3500 K) star is the 15th brightest star in the sky; it has a visual (apparent) magnitude of +0.96 (var.) and an absolute magnitude of -5.2.
Well, assuming that you are talking about headlights, the low beams are the dimmest settings for the drive headlights, while high beams are the brightest setting.
Magnitudes of stars start in the negative, so the brightest star from Earth is of course the Sun, so it has an apparent magnitude of -26.74 (Note negative), whereas Polaris (The North Star) has an apparent magnitude of +1.97 See related question for differences between apparent and absolute magnitude.
Blue stars are very hot stars and so usually have high luminosity.