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One. Longitude is derived from the Prime Meridian. Values are measured in relation to this Prime Meridian as East or West longitude. If you withdraw this constant, Prime, then values are given in Positive, Zero, and Negative.

The distance between degree's of longitude are also not exact from top to bottom. At the equator they are approx. 69 miles wide, as you go toward the poles they become smaller, with an example being at a Latitude of 45 degree's a degree of longitude is approx: 49miles wide.

These can also be more specific in Minutes and Seconds.

A good reference to obtain a better understanding would be:

http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/mapping/a_latlong.html

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