I guess they'd do it by looking at when the term "big bang" started showing up in papers. Or, maybe by looking at TV Guide.
(Hint: I don't think "theory" means what you think it means.)
I'll answer the question you were probably trying to ask also:
A variety of ways that are probably too complicated to explain in detail here, but involve looking at redshifts of distant galaxies and the cosmic microwave background.
By extrapolating the expansion of the Universe into the past.
The big bang or a wormhole
The Big Bang Theory
The big bang theory
The Big Bang Theory is widely considered by scientists and theologians as the way in which the universe started. Even the Pope accepts it.
a radio telescope
The Big Bang theory was proposed (happened) in the middle of the 20th Century.The theory, and the work exploring it, suggest that the Big Bang happened about 13.7 billion years ago.
The big bang
Most scientists believe that an infinite dense singularity existed before the incident known as the Big Bang.
the scientists believe the big bang took place is northeast
Everything that ever happened - or at least, everything we know of - happened after the Big Bang, and was, in a way, affected by the Big Bang.
Everything we know of happened after the Big Bang.
the big bang theory
No. The big bang was before the dinos.
Everything happened after the big bang.
Big Bang Beat happened in 2007.
Big Bang Mini happened in 2009.
The big bang began the expansion of spacetime with great rapidity. The Universe began with the Big Bang. In other words both space and time began at the big bang. The big bang started the Universe from the point t=0.