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Hubble analysed the spectra that are emitted by various astronomical objects (stars and galaxies, etc.) and found that the more distant these objects are, the more these spectra were red shifted. A red shift is caused by the Doppler effect, and it indicates that a source of radiation is moving away from us, and the greater the red shift, the faster the velocity with which it is moving away. So if everything is moving away from us, and moving faster the farther away it is, that indicates an expanding universe.

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