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How does star color relate to mass?

Updated: 4/28/2022
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10y ago

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There is no simple relation. The color does not depend only on the mass. The same star can change color, without a significant change in mass. For example, our Sun is currently yellow; in a few billion years, it is expected to get much larger, becoming a red giant.

However, if we limit the sample of stars to those on the "main sequence" of the "HR diagram", there is something of a relation between mass and color.

The most massive stars are blue or white. They are also hottest and most luminous.

The least massive are the red dwarf stars, which are relatively cool and dim.

Our Sun, which is a "main sequence" star at present, is somewhere in between those extremes.

(There is a strong relationship between mass and luminosity for main sequence stars.

The HR diagram, of course, shows there is a relationship between luminosity and color for the main sequence stars.)

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Q: How does star color relate to mass?
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