"Parallax shift".
We can't SEE the difference in position of any star as seen from the Earth 6 months later or earlier, but by measuring the very tiny differences in the positions of the more distant stars, we can observe the "parallax" of a star and thus calculate its distance. This only works for stars less than about 300 light years from Earth.
Retrograde motion.
"Parallax (shift)."
Nearby stars appear to change their position against the distant background in an annual cycle, because of the Earth's changing position 'across' its orbit. This apparent shift is called the star's "parallax".
They change position against the background of the distant stars because they are much closer to us, and they are orbiting around the sun, as are we.
from east to west against the background stars maybe?
As the Earth passes another planet in its orbit, the plant appears to move backward in the sky. This is an optical illusion. Earth takes 365 days to orbit the Sun, and all the outer planets take longer. Around the time of closest approach (opposition) to a planet, Mars for example, the Earth is moving more quickly both in terms of actual speed and of angular speed. At this time Mars appears to go backwards against the background of the fixed stars when we watch from the Earth. It's like, when you overtake another car on the motorway, it appears to be going backwards.
That's the result of Earth moving around the Sun, in its orbit. The distance Earth moves (a total of about 300 million kilometers) is rather puny compared to the distance to the stars, so the corresponding apparent movement (known as "parallax") of even the closest star will be less than one arc-second, i.e., less than 1/3600 of a degree.
Retrograde Motion
Retrograde Motion
Not sure what you mean; the Sun has an apparent daily movement from east to west. Actually this apparent movement is caused mainly by Earth's rotation.
A planet is said to be in retrograde motion when its apparent motion - the motion as seen by us, against the background stars - is from east to west.Planets spend more time in prograde motion, from west to east. The apparent movement of Sun and Moon against the background stars is also from west to east. Not to be confused with the daily motion, due to Earth's rotation.
Tecumseh was the Shawnee chief who organized an Indian confederacy to block the westward movement of settlers in the early 1800s. He sided with Britain against the US in the War of 1812.
When that happens, the planet moves from east to west, from our point of view. This should not be confused with the daily motion of all stars + planets due to Earth's rotation; rather, to the planet's movement against the background of the stars.
Stellar Parallax Astronomers estimate the distance of nearby objects in space by using a method called stellar parallax, or trigonometric parallax. Simply put, they measure a star's apparent movement against the background of more distant stars as Earth revolves around the sun.
Planet comes from an ancient Greek term meaning 'wanderer'. They were called wanderers because they appear to move against the apparent stationary background of stars.
Solar System models, especially mechanical models are called orreries.
Against a Dark Background was created in 1993.
Against a Dark Background has 487 pages.
Peasant Woman Against a Background of Wheat was created in 1890.