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It is composed primarily of basalt, and covered with powdered iron oxide (what we know of as rust). Because Mars has an atmosphere, it has wind; some of those winds can build and cause planet-wide dust storms, which can last for days or even weeks. Mars also has the largest known mountain in the Solar System, an inactive volcano called Olympus Mons, three times the height of Mount Everest, with a base as large as the state of Arizona; and the largest known canyon, Valles Marineris, which crosses 1/5 of its surface and is the width of the continental United States. It's also cold, due to its thin atmosphere and its distance from the sun; as a result, temperatures can range from a chilly -207° F (at the poles, in winter) to a balmy 80° F (at the equator, in daytime during the summer). The average is around -67° F (-55° C). And since Mars no longer has a rotating magnetic core like Earth's to offer protection, any radiation from the sun makes it all the way to the ground; doubly so when Mars is in the path of a solar flare.

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∙ 17y ago
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