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The largest rough diamond ever found is known as the Cullinan Diamond, discovered in South Africa in 1905 and in rough form weighed 3,106.75 carats. It is named after Sir Thomas Cullinan, owner of the Premier Diamond Mine where it was found. To date, it remains the largest diamond ever found. It fit into the palm of a grown man's hand.

The Cullinan Diamond was cleaved by Joseph Asscher into two major diamonds, the Great Star of Africa (also known as Cullinan 1) which weighs 530.2 carats, and the Lesser Star of Africa ( (Cullinan 2), which weighs 317.40 carats. The rest of the Cullinan Diamond was cut into 103 other smaller diamonds. All are in the possession of England's Royal Family and as part of the Crown Regalia.

The Great Star of Africa is the main jewel set in the head of the Royal Sceptre (known as the "Sceptre with the Cross") of the Crown Jewels of England, housed in the Tower of London. If you've never seen it, it is unbelievable how big it is; pictures don't do it justice. The Lesser Star of Africa is set in the Imperial State Crown of England, and while smaller, is equally impressive.

While at one time the Great Star of Africa was also the largest cut/polished diamond, it has since been replaced in that title by the Golden Jubilee Diamond, which weighs 545 carats. It was presented in 1998 to the King of Thailand. There is no record of this stone's original, rough weight.

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