Not only the Moon programs, but all space exploration, was referred to as the "Space race".
the space race
The space race was a competition between space agencies (historically those of the USA and the USSR) to be the first to accomplish a particular goal: the first to send a man in orbit around the earth, or the first to send a man to the moon.
The US responded to the USSR sending a man to space by increasing funding for their own space program, NASA, and accelerating their efforts to send a man to the moon. This led to the Apollo program and ultimately, the US successfully landing the first humans on the moon in 1969.
The Space Race was a competition between the US and USSR during the Cold War, and the US saw landing a man on the moon as a symbol of technological superiority and geopolitical power. It was a way for the US to demonstrate its strength and capabilities on the world stage. Achieving this milestone first would also showcase American innovation and leadership in space exploration.
The moon landings took place because of the rivalry between the USA and the USSR. In the early days of space travel, the USA believed (correctly) that the USSR had a long term aim of landing on the Moon. During the early space "race" it was apparent that the USSR were being more successful, (the USSR launched the first satellite and the first man to orbit the Earth). At the same time, the USA had some embarrassing failed launches. The then president (John Kennedy) realised that it was important for the USA to be seen to be a leader in technology and there made a commitment for a manned moon landing by the end of the 1960s. Following the assasination of Kennedy, it became politically impossible to cancel the moon landing missions - they were tremendously expensive; Russian space scientists admitted after the collapse of the USSR that they couldn't possibly match the USA spending on Apollo.
the space race
The US was in competition with the USSR at the time, and the USSR had taken the lead in the space race by being the first nation to put a satellite in orbit. The US needed to demonstrate that it could outdo the USSR in order to bolster its international prestige. Rocket science, needed to send a man to the moon, also has military applications. If the US knows how to send a man to the moon, that speaks well of US capacity to send a missile to a specific target on Earth. So it was a Cold War strategy.
The space race was a competition between space agencies (historically those of the USA and the USSR) to be the first to accomplish a particular goal: the first to send a man in orbit around the earth, or the first to send a man to the moon.
Kennedy was in a battle between the USSR. they were playing to see who could be the gteater and better nation, and the USSR was the first one in space. So kennedy had the idea to be the first to send a man to the moon to be proven that the USA was the better nation. :)
The USA was in competition with the USSR (Soviet Union) in the space race. This was just a small part of the Cold War between the 2 super powers (they were the only 2 superpowers. And now that the USSR has fallen apart, the USA is now the only super power in the world) Sputnik was Russia's satelite, and it was the first man-made satellite launched into orbit in 1957. The US however was the first one to put a man (Neil Armstrong and crew) on the moon in 1969 with Apollo 11.
It was the first artificial satellite orbiting the Earth, and was launched in 1957 by the USSR. This triggered the "Space Race" between the USA and USSR - already political enemies - to be the first to put a man on the Moon, but the first practical satellites were for communications. The rivalry was sharpened by fears of war between the two superpowers.
The first man-made object to reach the moon was the Luna 2 probe in 1959.
The US responded to the USSR sending a man to space by increasing funding for their own space program, NASA, and accelerating their efforts to send a man to the moon. This led to the Apollo program and ultimately, the US successfully landing the first humans on the moon in 1969.
The "space race" was a competition between USSR and The United States to get objects and people into space orbit, and eventually reach the moon. The USSR placed the first synthetic satellite in orbit ("sputnik"), placed the first human in orbit, preformed the first space walk (where the astronaut leaves the rocket and floats in free space, attached to the rocket by a cord), but the US placed the first man on the moon.
It was largely because there was a perception that the Soviet Union was overtaking the USA in space science; this was because, in the early 1960s it was true - the USSR had launched a satellite before the USA and had a man in space before the USA. USSR unmanned missions to the Moon made it clear that the Moon was a big target for the USSR. The then President Kennedy made a commitment to land a man on the Moon by the end of the 1960s. The assassination of Kennedy made the USA more determined to fulfil the commitment.
The U.S. and the Soviet Union (USSR) were the two nations racing to put a man on the surface of the moon.
The Space Race was a competition between the US and USSR during the Cold War, and the US saw landing a man on the moon as a symbol of technological superiority and geopolitical power. It was a way for the US to demonstrate its strength and capabilities on the world stage. Achieving this milestone first would also showcase American innovation and leadership in space exploration.