Brighter, since Mars is closest to Earth in its orbit and in a full phase as viewed from Earth.
A few celestial objects appear to have retrograde motion.
The "apparent" reverse or backwards motion of a planet as observed from Earth. The innermost planets appear to have a retrograde motion when viewed from Earth.
The planets don't have to "do anything" to "go into" retrograde motion. The retrograde motion, the "moving backward" that planets do as we watch them cross the night sky over the weeks, is due to the nature of the orbit of a planet and to our view of that orbit from earth.
Retrograde motion important in astronomy because it helped to explain that the planets revolved around the Sun. Retrograde motion is the ability of some objects to rotate in a direction that is opposite what is expected.
In the Geocentric Hypothesis (Earth-centered), retrograde motion can only be explained by describing the motion of planets as complex, curlicue paths. In the Heliocentric Hypothesis (Sun-centered), retrograde motion is described as changes in relative motion as the Earth overtakes a slower-moving planet in an outer orbit, or is overtaken by a faster-moving planet in an inner orbit. In the Heliocentric Hypothesis, all planets move in more-or-less circular orbits at more-or-less constant speeds, but planets closer to the Sun move faster. Thus, the Earth can overtake and pass each of the outer planets, making them appear to move "backward" (retrograde) for a time.
The apparent westward movement of a planet is known as retrograde motion. This phenomenon occurs when a superior planet passes Earth in its orbit, making it appear to move backward in the sky relative to the stars.
A few celestial objects appear to have retrograde motion.
The "apparent" reverse or backwards motion of a planet as observed from Earth. The innermost planets appear to have a retrograde motion when viewed from Earth.
Venus and Uranus have retrograde rotation.There are other meanings of retrograde motion, but retrograde rotation fits the question best.
Earths faster motion makes Mars appear to be going backwards, the backwards motion, in fact, is what caused retrograde motion. --Ptloemy used Epicycles to explain how geocentrical models worked.
A few celestial objects appear to have retrograde motion.
Retrograde motion describes something by definition. It is not and has never been a theory.
Prograde motion is a counter-clockwise motion or west to east, retrograde motion is clockwise motion or east to west.
The first telescopic observation of Mars was made by Galileo around 1608/1610. In 1636 the first records were taken by Fransisco Fontana. Mars has been noted for its unusual movement in the sky, including retrograde motion, becoming brighter and dimmer at different times, etc., since long before recorded history.
The cast of Retrograde Motion - 2013 includes: Thomas Denman
Neptune has a moon named Triton that exhibits retrograde motion. Retrograde motion is when a moon orbits its planet in the opposite direction of the planet's rotation.
The pattern by which planets appear to move backward in the sky relative to the stars is called "retrograde motion." This phenomenon occurs when Earth, on its orbit, passes by another planet, causing the other planet to appear to reverse its usual direction of motion against the background stars. Retrograde motion is an optical illusion resulting from the relative positions and movements of the planets in their orbits.