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Artificial lighting dates from torches and oil lamps used by the Sumerians, Babylonians and Egyptians. Oil and candles were the standard until the introduction of coal gas in the 19th century (the precursor of natural gas). The introduction of electric lighting came from work by Thomas Edison in the 1880's. The fluorescent bulb developed in the 1930's took over the commercial lighting market within 12 years after its introduction in 1938. Similarly, the compact version of the bulbs (CFL) rapidly grew in popularity after the mid-1990's due to their lower energy use. For uses other than area lighting, the LED (light-emitting diode) is the new 21st century standard.

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