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Mars is definitely closer to Earth than the sun.

CorrectionThere's no specific answer. Mars and Earth both orbit around the sun but at different rates (365.23 days for Earth, and about 687 days for Mars). That means their relative positions can be anywhere from on the same radial line in relation to the sun to 180 degrees opposite to each other; in effect "on the same side" or "on the opposite side" of the sun.

Using some very approximate numbers, the average distance from the sun to Earth is 150,000,000 km while Mars is 227,000,000 km away. So when the two planets are nearest each other ("same side") they might come as close as 77 million km while they could be as much as 377 million km apart at their farthest ("opposite sides"). Of course neither planet's orbit is exactly circular, so those numbers can change by as much as 10% or so, depending on where the matchups occur.

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