The "Surface" of Jupiter is hard to define as it is a gas giant but the top of the atmosphere (however you want ti define that) is cold due to heat radiating into space. Jupiter is so much farther from the Sun than Earth is, the Sun cannot heat Jupiter's atmosphere.
And the heat form the interior (it is actually hotter than the surface of the Sun deep inside Jupiter!) dissipates into space.
Because - the further you are away from the Earth's surface - the lower the temperature is.
The planet Uranus is more massive than the Earth and has a stronger gravitational field. So you could say that Uranus has more gravity.
Neptune's atmosphere is sub-divided into two main regions; the lower troposphere, where temperature decreases with altitude, and the stratosphere, where temperature increases with altitude. The boundary between the two, the tropopause, occurs at a pressure of 0.1 bars (10 kPa). The stratosphere then gives way to the thermosphere at a pressure lower than 10−5 to 10−4 microbars
how can a red giant star become brighter if it now has a lower surface temp
No. Jupiter is composed almost completely of hydrogen, which becomes a slurry at lower elevations and eventually liquid hydrogen. There's no clear boundary between the atmosphere and surface of Jupiter. It does, however, snow on Jupiter Peak, in Utah.
Jupiter has a lower temperature than earth. Earth: 59 degrees F. (15 degrees C.) Jupiter: -234 degrees F. (-148 degrees C.)
Because - the further you are away from the Earth's surface - the lower the temperature is.
Hot and cold are comparative terms. It is colder on Jupiter's surface than it is on Earth's surface, by mean. Wikipedia gives the mean surface temperature as 112-165 K, which translates to about -108 Celsius and lower (consider +21 Celsius is recognized as standard room temperature on earth). The coldest temperatures ever verified on earth seem to rank at around -90 Celsius in what are essentially uninhabitable areas. An important realization is that, due to many factors, Earth's temperature is extremely consistent. A mean temperature hides the fact that other planets undergo 'daily' cycles that range in temperature by hundreds of Celsius. If that happened on Earth, we wouldn't last very long. Caveats to this question/answer include: Fluctuations of temperature according to location on Jupiter/Earth, where Jupiter/Earth is in its orbit, where you even define 'surface' to be on a gas giant, etc etc.
Read your text book
the temperature of the earth is lower than the Earth.
because jupiter is a gaseous planet while earth is rocky.
the external remparture of the earth is much lower than the temperature far beneath the earths surface
The planet Uranus is more massive than the Earth and has a stronger gravitational field. So you could say that Uranus has more gravity.
Neptune's atmosphere is sub-divided into two main regions; the lower troposphere, where temperature decreases with altitude, and the stratosphere, where temperature increases with altitude. The boundary between the two, the tropopause, occurs at a pressure of 0.1 bars (10 kPa). The stratosphere then gives way to the thermosphere at a pressure lower than 10−5 to 10−4 microbars
Ocean stratification is one of the solutions to lower the sea surface temperature.
Mars does!!!
The relative temperature of sunspots is lower than the surrounding temperature of the sun's surface. Since we adjust our camera's to the high temperature of the sun the relatively cooler sunspots appear black to us.