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He entered the service of the Florentine republic in 1498, four years after the Medici family had been expelled from the city. He was a secretary to the Florentine Council of Ten and made numerous diplomatic missions, including trips to France and Germany.

In 1512, French defeat and Spanish victory led to the reestablishment of Medici power in Florence. Staunch republicans, including Machiavelli, were sent into exile. He was forced to give up politics (something he loved) and began to reflect on political power and wrote books, including "The Prince (1513)," one of the most famous treatises on political power in the western world. Machiavelli's ideas on politics stemmed from his preoccupation with Italy's political problems and his knowledge of ancient Rome. His major concerns in "the prince" were the acquisition and expansion of political power as the means to restore and maintain order in his time. From Machiavelli's point of view, a prince's attitude toward power must be based on an understanding of human nature, which he perceived as basically self-centered: "For of men one can, in general say this: They are ungrateful, fickle, deceptive and deceiving, avoiders of danger, eager to gain." Political activity, therefore, could not be restricted by moral considerations. The prince acts on behalf of the state and for the sake of the state must be willing to let his conscience sleep.

Machiavelli was among the first to abandon morality as the basis for the analysis of political activity.

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