class differentiation
Karl Marx argued that everything in society, including culture, politics, and institutions, is ultimately determined by economic factors. According to Marx, the economic system shapes all other aspects of society.
According to W.E.B. Du Bois, African Americans are denied access to education, political rights, economic opportunities, and social equality. He argued that these denials perpetuate a cycle of oppression and hinder the advancement of African Americans. Du Bois emphasized the importance of addressing these inequalities to achieve true freedom and empowerment for the African American community.
The "Drain Theory" was proposed by Dadabhai Naoroji, an Indian political leader and social reformer, in the 19th century. He argued that wealth was drained from India to Britain through colonial economic policies, leading to economic exploitation and underdevelopment in India.
Mary Wollstonecraft is often considered the "first feminist" because of her 1792 book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
Herbert Gans identified a number of social, economic, and political functions that the poor perform for society in his research on poverty. He argued that the poor help maintain a low-wage labor force, provide inexpensive goods and services, and serve as a scapegoat for societal problems.
Karl Marx is the man associated with the social conflict approach, which focuses on the power struggles and inequalities that exist within society, particularly in relation to social class and economic relationships. Marx argued that these conflicts drive social change and shape societal structures.
Karl Marx's theory focused on the idea of class struggle, where society is divided into the ruling class (bourgeoisie) and the working class (proletariat). He argued that capitalism would inevitably result in inequalities and exploitation, leading to a revolution by the working class to establish a classless society based on common ownership of the means of production. Marx also emphasized the importance of historical materialism, which posits that the economic base of society shapes the political and ideological superstructure.
Charles Beard argued that "an economic document drawn with superb skill by men whose property interests were immediately at stake." Source American government book.
Jeffersonians
The size of an integer is compiler-dependant. The compiler itself is machine-dependant so it could be argued they are in fact machine-dependent, however we don't write code to suit the machine, we write code to suit the compiler, even when the code is machine-dependent.
No, social Darwinists generally believed in the idea of "survival of the fittest," advocating that government intervention should be minimal or non-existent. They argued that social and economic inequalities were a natural outcome of competition and that attempts to correct these inequalities would disrupt natural processes. Consequently, they opposed active government involvement in addressing societal problems, favoring a more laissez-faire approach.
Economist John Maynard Keynes argued that deficit spending was the best way to address a long-term economic depression. His policies are collectively known as Keynesian economics.