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The efficiency of a internal combustion engine varies with size, speed range, compression ratio etc.

Diesel engines use higher compression ratio and operate without throttle control, therefore their efficiency is higher than a equivalent Otto engine.

Large marine (read ship engines) or stationary diesel engine: 50%

Heavy duty diesel engines for marine, stationary and vehicle applications (trucks): 40%

Light duty diesel engines (cars): 30-35%

Gasoline engines: 20-25% + a few % for newer engines

The numbers mentioned above are maximum efficiency, not pedal to the metal efficiency.

Please note that the thermal efficiency of a engine will increase if the combustion chamber surface decrease(!). Higher revs leads to higher forces acting on the piston rings and therefore higher frictional losses, in other words: the mechanical efficiency decreases with increased speed.

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