Depends on the engine. Some 2-strokes are lubricated by having oil added to the fuel. Apart from that there's pressure lubrication and splash lubrication. In pressure lube there's a pump driven by the motor which force oil along drilled out conduits and pipes and out to where there is metal-to-metal moving contact. From the lubrication points oil drops back into a trough at the bottom of the engine where the pump is sitting before being pumped out once again.
In splash lube the oil level, trough design and crank axle are matched so that the crank will dip below the oil level when it's spinning around. The splashing and cast off from the crank distributes oil to all the other places inside the engine block. Most 4-strokes, like car engines are a combination of splash and and pressure lube. Pressure lube will serve the crank axle and the valve assembly, but cast off from the crank will serve the pistons.
Oil is required to lubricate all the moving parts, without oil these parts would overheat with excessive friction and seize within minutes, the engine would be ruined.
To reduce friction by providing lubrication to the moving parts.
The number of non-moving parts in an engine can vary significantly depending on the engine type and design. Generally, non-moving parts include components such as the engine block, cylinder head, intake and exhaust manifolds, oil pan, and various gaskets and seals. In a typical internal combustion engine, there can be dozens of non-moving parts, but the exact count will depend on the engine's complexity and configuration.
The engine oil helps in lubricating the machine. Oil helps in cooling the engine and lubricates the moving parts properly. The moving parts are constantly shifting and are connected to each other. Oil is needed to grease the parts so that the components move properly without causing harm to the machines.
Friction between the parts of an engine is reduced by applying oil between its parts. mobiloil is particularly used for this purpose.
An internal combustion engine typically has several moving parts, including the pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, connecting rods, and valves. The total number of moving parts can vary significantly depending on the engine design and configuration, but a standard four-stroke engine may have around 20 to 30 individual moving components. This count can increase with more complex designs, such as those with turbochargers or multiple camshafts.
As your engine has lots of moving parts which cause lots of friction, the oil is there to reduce friction and prevent ceasing, one reason for an oil change is when the moving parts have been wearing against each other you shall get fine parts of metal, a bit like iron fillings come off the parts. a large amount of dirt and metal within your oil will cause damage to the moving parts. also the oil, over time will loose some properties of the oil it will become thick therefor reducing efficiency of your engine.
the timebelt it connects everything together
To make it run. Oil lubricates the moving parts in an internal combustion engine, and helps in cooling the parts. Without oil, the engine would "run tight" effectually welding or melting the engine parts together.
Yes, it will damage all moving parts in the engine.
Have you noticed there is no place to put oil in your 2 cycle engine? Inside your engine there are several moving parts used to convert gasoline to rotary motion. Without oil these parts will create a great deal of friction and heat causing permanent failure in minutes at best. Beating the engine with a sledge hammer will do not more damage than running an engine without oil. The oil for these moving parts in a 2 cycle engine is provided by the mist of gasoline and oil that is routed around the moving parts before it is burned in the engine.
A conventional cam has more moving parts as it is placed within the engine block and uses lifters, pushrods, and rocker arms that all must work together with the cam and the valves. By moving the cam to above the valve train, called an overhead cam, there are now less moving parts, the engine becomes more efficient (can mean more power), can reach higher revolutions per minute (revs), and generally is more reliable.