Yes; although the computer won't report a clogged filter directly, the OBD code will usually resolve to a "random cylinder misfire" or something similar.
the engine is breathing badly,probably worn piston rings or worn valve guides
Perhaps a badly clogged fuel filter?
Most definitely! Replace the fuel filter every 36,000 miles at a minimum. A dirty fuel filter will also cause your fuel pump to fail prematurely. It causes the fuel pump to work harder than normal to move the fuel to the engine.
Maybe, but it sounds like you need to have your fuel injection system looked at carefully and repaired.
check the fuel dilevery filter and pump both in the tank
Not really enough information given - however - if they are badly out of adjustment you might be referring to the sound of the valves tapping - OR - you are hearing the noise of pre-ignition - perhaps the timing of the engine is off badly.
check your timing ,plugs,wires Also check your earth connections, particularly between engine and body or fuel filter might be on the wrong way or pluged
Yes, you should always see a doctor when you are feeling badly. It is possible that you may have an ear infection and will need antibiotics.
"Blow" is kinda vague, but it sure can get badly damaged.
A hole or crack in the tube leading from the MAF sensor over to the throttle body.
No - a small amount will not damage the engine, though may cause it to run badly. However, a larger amount can cause serious damage, and the tank and engine should be drained.
Absolutely, a badly timed engine can run like a heap of S--t