Electrolyte. Don't add an 'S'.
A flooded lead acid battery, such as an automotive battery.
yes because there is an exchange between the positive and negative plates were the solution will be highly concentrated with negative irons
Distilled water ( to at least cover the top of the plates )
the plates surrounding the continents
A car battery is a rechargeable, or secondary, wet cell battery that contains lead, lead oxide, plates and an electrolyte solution that contains a mixture of water and acid.
An auto battery is basically a hard plastic case, with a series of thin lead plates making up an extensive gridwork inside of it, and filled with a water/sulfuric acid solution.
the plates surrounding the continents
Yes... unless it is a high quality gel battery (and then, yes). The lead from the plates drops off. Without seed lead on the plates, recharging the battery does not reform the lead on the plates. Thus, every time one of the many plates in the battery is barren of lead, the battery will not fully charge that plate. If it happens frequently enough, all the plates will not accrue lead and thus will not hold a charge.
13 is negative plates.
An automobile battery primarily consists of several key components: lead plates, which serve as the electrodes; an electrolyte solution, usually a mixture of sulfuric acid and water; and a separator that prevents the lead plates from contacting each other. The battery casing houses these elements and protects them from external damage. Additionally, terminals are included for electrical connections to the vehicle's electrical system.
Your car battery is a "lead-acid" battery. I'm not sure where you might haveheard about Epsom salt, but that's an easy and effective way to completelyruin the battery for good. If the battery is not sealed and you have accessto the cells, then when a cell gets low ... meaning the tops of the plates aresticking out above the surface of the liquid ... then you add distilled waterONLY to bring it up just over the top of the plates, and nothing else.
Negative plates in the battery are naturally this dark color. A short between plates causes a discharge or equalization in potential which more or less is changing the positive plates and post to the color of the negative. The battery will become useless.