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Answer 1

Short or overloading of the circuit. The fuse protects the wiring and not the component. Different fuses can handle different loads. For instance a 15 amp fuse can handle a 15 amp load. Add more than 15 amps to the circuit and the fuse will blow. Of course if there is a short in the circuit then the fuse will blow. Replace a 15 amp fuse with a 20 amp fuse and the wiring is no longer protected as it should be and this may cause a fire. Replace it with a 10 amp and it will blow due to the 15 amp load. Always replace a fuse with the exact same size fuse you removed.

Answer 2

Answer 1 is correct and I only add additional information to enhance your understanding.

An overloaded circuit is one in which the electrical devices/appliances in the circuit use more current [measured in Amps] than the conductor [wire] is capable of safely carrying.

A short circuit is a condition where a "hot" [electrically energized] conductor [wire] carrying current from the power source [battery for example] somehow comes into contact with a ground wire OR any grounded material [like a car's frame, or sheet metal]. In a short circuit condition, almost unlimited current [Amps] flows, making it a "super" overloaded condition.

Fuses That "Blow"

Fuses [and Circuit Breakers] are safety devices designed and installed in electrical circuits TO PROTECT the conductors [wires] from short circuits and overload conditions which can cause extreme overheating that can result in damage to the insulation and the conductors. And worse the possibility of a FIRE which could destroy the vehicle, house, or other structure in which the circuit is located.

When a fuse [and replacement fuses or Circuit Breakers] "blow," especially if it happens repeatedly, is an indication of an UNSAFE CONDITION in that circuit, usually a short.

The proper "fix" is for a qualified technician, who knows what he/she is doing, to troubleshoot the circuit, find and identify the defect, and make proper repair [s], BEFORE replacing the fuse again [with the properly sized fuse or circuit breaker].

Some ignorant few will suggest installing a larger fuse or breaker to solve the problem, BUT that will only amplify the problem, not solve it. Do not follow "bad" advice and install a larger fuse in a misguided attempt to correct the problem. To install a larger fuse would almost guarantee damage to the wiring and an electrical system fire.

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