The overall reactance of the armature winding is the sum of its leakage reactance plus fictitious reactance, which is known as synchronous reactance (Xs).
Xs=XL+Xar
where XL and Xar are in Ω/phase. Therefore, Xs is in Ω/phase.
The impedance of armature winding is obtained by combining its resistance and its synchronous reactance.
mainly alternator,synchronous motor comes under the synchronous machine.a synchronous motor is not a self starting motor.if a synchronous motor moves with more than synchronous speed then it acts as a synchronous generator.
It is conducting OC and SC tests on the given three phase alternator and determining the regulation by synchronous impedance method.
Direct axis transient reactance, often denoted as X'd, refers to the reactance of a synchronous machine during transient conditions when the rotor angle changes, such as during sudden disturbances or faults. It represents the machine's ability to produce or absorb reactive power in response to these transients. This reactance is typically lower than the synchronous reactance (Xd), allowing for a quicker response to changes in load or system conditions. Understanding direct axis transient reactance is crucial for analyzing the stability and dynamic performance of power systems.
Kamal Koshal has written: 'Direct and quadrature-axis synchronous reactance measurement'
Synchronous Reactance (in a generator analysis domain) is and equivalent series per-phase inductance term (think per-phase winding resistance) and is mainly composed of the machine's per-phase leakage inductance (equivalent series inductance of primary and secondary flux leakage) and armature reaction (distortion in flux introduced by an armature current in a machine, once again on a per-phase basis; described as a series inductance). L_SyncReac=L_leakage+L_ArmatureReaction. That sort of touches the surface of synchronous reactance.
Induction type alternator and synchronous generator.
== == Add a capacitor or a synchronous motor or a phase advancer to the transmission line so that it can nullify the effect of inductive reactance since the above elements gives capacitive reactance. Doing this also improves the power factor.
ASYNCHRONOUS is a mode whereby events happens irregardless of control. SYNCHRONOUS are this same events but controlled by a timing and/or control
when its speed becomes greater than the synchronous speed.
In a salient pole alternator, the d-axis reactance is larger than the q-axis reactance due to the geometry and magnetic characteristics of the rotor. The d-axis corresponds to the direction of the rotor's field winding, where the magnetic flux is concentrated, resulting in stronger inductive effects and higher reactance. Conversely, the q-axis, which is perpendicular to the d-axis, experiences less magnetic coupling and thus exhibits lower reactance. This difference is crucial for the machine's performance, affecting its stability and reactive power capability.
Synchronous impedance is not a constant because it varies with operating conditions such as load, frequency, and machine construction. It is defined as the ratio of the voltage to the current at synchronous speed, but this relationship changes depending on the reactance and resistance of the machine as well as the power factor of the load. Additionally, factors such as saturation of magnetic materials and temperature can also influence synchronous impedance, leading to variations in its value.
E=Vt + Ia jXS Where E excitation voltage Vt Terminal voltage Stator Current Ia Xs synchronous Reactance