series and shunt voltage regulators
no.
ples answer
Most voltage regulators are inside the alternator.
Voltage regulators are integrated into the alternators these days.
No, you cannot put two 5V voltage regulators in series to obtain 10V. Voltage regulators are designed to maintain a constant output voltage regardless of the input voltage, and connecting them in series would not sum their outputs as you might expect. Instead, it could lead to instability or damage to the regulators. To achieve 10V, it's better to use a step-up (boost) converter or a dedicated 10V regulator.
Both are 1.5A adjustable voltage regulators. The LM317 outputs a positive (with respect to ground) voltage, and the LM337 outputs a negative voltage.
A voltage regulator. Examples are the 78dd series of regulators where dd is the voltage, e.g. 7805, 7812. These work with a positive rail, the 79dd regulators work with a negative rail.
Yes; in electronics, the former is used to regulate voltage levels while modulators combine frequencies for the purpose of data transmission.
Linear Monolithic
Yes, modern alternators have voltage regulators built in.
They are frequently used to provide a voltage reference in voltage regulators.