mercury manometer
A manometer is a device that is used to measure the pressure of a fluid. The U-shaped glass tube is partially filled with a liquid, usually mercury. The difference between the height of the mercury corresponds to the difference between the pressure of the fluid in the container and the atmospheric pressure.
Mercury is a dense and toxic liquid metal that can be hazardous to handle. Using mercury in an inverted U-tube manometer may pose a safety risk due to the potential for spills or leaks. Additionally, mercury is a costly material compared to other less toxic and easy-to-use liquids such as water or oil.
Manometers can be classified into two main types: mercury (fluid column) manometers and pressure-sensing element manometers. Mercury manometers use the height of a mercury column to measure pressure, while pressure-sensing element manometers use a diaphragm, Bourdon tube, or bellows to measure pressure.
Using a saline solution is preferable to mercury in a manometer because saline is non-toxic and safer to handle. In case of accidental spillage, saline is less harmful to humans and the environment. Additionally, saline is more commonly available and easier to dispose of compared to mercury.
Water can be used up to only 100 degree celsius. mercury can be used 356 degree celsius Water has a tendency to evaporate. The density of water is about 13 times lower than that of mercury, so some pressure levels would need a very large manometer tube.
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A pressure gauge or manometer is typically used to measure pressure above atmospheric pressure. These devices can accurately measure the pressure difference between the system being measured and atmospheric pressure.
Electrical manometer is an electronic manometer use to record pressures between two points. It is commonly used in recording pressure in bridges.
To determine Pressure
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To effectively use a manometer to measure pressure, first ensure the manometer is properly calibrated and zeroed. Next, connect one end of the manometer to the system or device where pressure is to be measured. The other end should be open to the atmosphere. The difference in fluid levels in the manometer will indicate the pressure. Read the measurement from the scale on the manometer to determine the pressure accurately.