well it depends on what car you are driving but if it is like a ferrari it will eventually
No.
Yes
No, a bad crankshaft sensor would cause the car not to start and run.
the thermostat stuck shut. will cause the car to over heat at ant temp!
clogged radiator
Yes. Yes.
It will not cause the engine to overheat. You have another problem.
Timing chain or belt is broken
Not quite sure of everything, but driving it in the heat for a long period of time could cause it to overheat.
when you rod it around town. that's hard on motors sto don't do it
I doubt it. Most timing chains are located in the front of the engine. You may have a loose heat shield around part of the exhaust system.
Yes, It can cause the engine to mis-fire and it also can cause the fuel pump to over heat/fail.