Lacrimation is the production of tears by the lacrimal glands to keep the eyes moist, while epiphora is the excessive overflow of tears onto the face. Lacrimation is a normal physiological process, whereas epiphora can be a symptom of an underlying issue such as blocked tear ducts or eye irritation.
An example of epiphora is when tears constantly overflow from the eyes due to conditions such as allergies or blocked tear ducts. This can result in watery eyes and a constant need to wipe away tears.
Epiphora is the medical term for excessive flow of tears. This condition can be caused by various factors such as eye irritation, blocked tear ducts, or eye infections. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.
Apparently not. Dogs at the very least have them, so most other mammals probably do too. http://www.petplace.com/dogs/epiphora-in-dogs/page1.aspx
DefinitionEctropion is the turning out of the eyelid (usually the lower eyelid) so that the inner surface is exposed.Causes, incidence, and risk factorsEctropion is usually caused by the aging process and the weakening of the connective tissue of the eyelid, which causes the lid to turn out. It can also be caused by:A defect that occurs before birth (for example, in children with Down syndrome)Facial palsyScar tissue from burnsSymptomsDry, painful eyesExcess tearing of the eye (epiphora)Eyelid turns outwardLong-term (chronic) conjunctivitisKeratitisRedness of the lid and white part of the eyeSigns and testsA physical examination of the eyes and eyelids confirms the diagnosis. Special tests are usually not necessary.TreatmentArtificial tears (a lubricant) may relieve dryness and keep the cornea lubricated. Surgery to tighten the muscles that hold the eyelids in place is usually effective. It may be performed as outpatient surgery with local anesthesia.Expectations (prognosis)The outcome is expected to be good with treatment.ComplicationsCorneal dryness and irritation may lead to:Corneal abrasionsCorneal ulcersEye infectionsCorneal ulcers can threaten vision.Calling your health care providerCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of ectropion.If you have ectropion, get medical attention if you experience the following emergency symptoms:Decreasing visionPainLight sensitivityRapidly increasing rednessPreventionMost cases are not preventable. Using artificial tears or lubricating ointments may prevent corneal complications.ReferencesRobinson FO, Collin JRO. Ectropion. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, Augsburger JJ, et al, eds. Opthalmology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2004:chap 88.Wirbelauer C. Management of the red eye for the primary care physician. Am J Med. 2006;119:302-306.
There are seven elements of communication:Source ideaMessageEncodingChannelReceiverDecodingFeedbackRead more: What_are_the_elements_of_communication
The use of figures of speech in the language reveals the plasticity and adds beauty and meaning to the language. Given here is a figures of speech list, which are easy to learn.Adjunction: Adjunction refers to a clause or a phrase, usually a verb, that is added at the beginning of a sentence. Here are a few examples of adjunction;Sings the bird as we walk on by.Good it is that fights the master with his dark lord,Allegory: This figure of speech is an extended metaphor where the characters or actions in a literary work have a more imaginative meaning. The examples of allegory are;I feel like a dog today. I rolled out of my basket and munched on some biscuit-like cereal. Scratching as I got on the train, I sniffed a passing female. Aruooo!! Down boy! - Animal Farm, George OrwellBy this I perceive thou art one of my subjects; for all that country is mine, and I am the Prince and God of it. How is it then that thou hast run away from thy King? - The Pilgrim's Progress, John BunyanAllusion: An allusion is an indirect or brief reference to a person, place or thing in a literary work. Examples of illusion -I doubt if Phaethon feared more - that time he dropped the sun-reins of his father's chariotand burned the streak of sky we see today -or if poor Icarus did - feeling his sidesunfeathering as the wax began to melt,his father shouting: "Wrong, your course is wrong - Inferno, DanteThis responsibility is too much for me. I feel as though I have an albatross around my neck. - The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Samuel Taylor ColeridgeAlliteration: A repetition of particular consonant sound in the beginning of each word in close succession. Though alliteration is mainly consonant sounds, sometimes vowel sounds are also repeated. This figure of speech is mainly used in poetry. A few examples of alliteration:I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet. - Acquainted with the Night, Robert FrostThose tidal thoroughbreds that tango through the turquoise tide. - Dancing Dolphins, Paul McCannAntithesis: An antithesis is a figure of speech where there is a juxtaposition of two contrasting ideas in a balanced clause or sentence. Some illustrations of antithesis:It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way. - A Tale of Two Cities, Charles DickensIf, as our dreaming Platonists report, There could be spirits of a middle sort,Too black for heav'n, and yet too white for hell,Who just dropp'd halfway down, nor lower fell. - The Hind and the Panther, John DrydenApostrophe: In this figure of speech, a non existent or absent person is addressed. In literary pieces, this figure of speech usually starts with an exclamation 'O'. Examples of apostrophe are:O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? - Romeo and Juliet, William ShakespeareO, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, / That I am meek and gentle with these butchers! / Thou art the ruins of the noblest man / That ever lived in the tide of times. - Julius Caesar, William Shakespeare.Climax: In climax, the words or clauses are arranged in ascending order of importance. These phrases have a similar theme and arranged in increasing order according to the impact they create on the reader. A few illustrations;Love creates happiness, happiness creates joy, joy creates enlightenment.We'll collect pennies in tens, hundreds and millions! Power starts small, becomes significant then becomes unstoppable.Euphemism: A figure of speech where an offensive or rude word is substituted by a polite and gentle word. The technique is to use a neutral language so as not to sound offensive to the receiver. Like for instance:Differently abled instead of disabled.Put to sleep instead of euthanasiaHyperbole: It is used while exaggerating something. This figure of speech is mainly used in several jokes or as a way of insult. It is to dramatize a normal situation or to make it look worse. Somehyperbole examples:The whole world was staring at me.It is going to take a zillion years to get through medical school.My backpack weighs a ton.Irony: Irony is used to convey the opposite meaning of a word. It is usually used in sarcasm or in humor. It is also used to convey an ugly truth in a subtle manner. Some examples of irony are:"Water, water, everywhere, And all the boards did shrink;Water, water, everywhere,Nor any drop to drink." (Situational Irony) - The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, S. T. ColeridgeThe boy is so intelligent that he failed in all the subjects. (Verbal Irony)Metaphor: Metaphor is used for the purpose of comparison with a thing which is not applicable to it literally. It is an indirect comparison of two unrelated things. Some examples of metaphors include:He was a lion in the battlefield.He is the apple of my eye.Metonymy: In metonymy, the name of one thing is replaced with something that is closely related to it. In common terms, it is also known as misnomer or transmutation. Here are some metonymy examples:The suits on Wall Street walked off with most of our savings. (Suits referring to bankers).The White House asked the television networks for air time on Monday night. (Here air time refers to broadcasting).Onomatopoeia: This figure of speech imitates the sounds produced by the objects or actions. Examples of onomatopoeia:The buzzing of bees.The whirring of the washing machine.Oxymoron: Using a contradictory term to define a situation, object or event is oxymoron. Some oxymoron examples are:Clearly misunderstoodExact estimationPersonification: Associating an inanimate object to human quality. A few personification examples are:The haughty lion surveyed his realmMy car was happy to be washed.Simile: Simile is a figure of speech where two essentially unlike things are compared with each other, using 'as', 'than' or 'like'. Simile examples are:O my love is like a red, red rose.Life is like an onion: You peel it off one layer at a time, and sometimes you weep.Synecdoche: It is a part of speech similar to metonymy, where a part of a particular object is used to refer to the whole thing. Synechdoche examples are:The city posted a sign, where 'the city' refers to the government.The gray beard refers to an old man.