Alphabetical list of all figures of speech?

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There are seven elements of communication: Source idea Message Encoding Channel Receiver Decoding Feedback Read more: What_are_the_elements_of_communication

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The Top 20 Figures Alliteration The repetition of an initial consonant sound. Anaphora The repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses. (Contrast with epiphora  and epistrophe .) Antithesis The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases. Apostrophe Breaking off discourse to address some absent person or thing, some abstract quality, an inanimate object, or a nonexistent character. Assonance Identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words. Chiasmus A verbal pattern in which the second half of an expression is balanced against the first but with the parts reversed. Euphemism The substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit. Hyperbole An extravagant statement; the use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect. Irony The use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. A statement or situation where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea. Litotes A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. Metaphor An implied comparison between two unlike things that actually have something important in common. Metonymy A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated; also, the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to things around it. Onomatopoeia The use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. Oxymoron A figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side. Paradox A statement that appears to contradict itself. Personification A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities. Pun A play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words. Simile A stated comparison (usually formed with "like" or "as") between two fundamentally dissimilar things that have certain qualities in common. Synecdoche A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole (for example, ABCs  foralphabet ) or the whole for a part ("England  won the World Cup in 1966"). Understatement A figure of speech in which a writer or a speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is.

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Schemes  Main article: Scheme (linguistics) accumulation: Summary of previous arguments in a forceful manner adnomination: Repetition of a word with a change in letter or sound alliteration: Series of words that begin with the same consonant or sound alike adynaton: hyperbole taken to such extreme lengths as to suggest a complete impossibility. anacoluthon: Change in the syntax within a sentence anadiplosis: Repetition of a word at the end of a clause at the beginning of another anaphora: Repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses anastrophe: Inversion of the usual word order anticlimax: Arrangement of words in order of decreasing importance antimetabole: Repetition of words in successive clauses, in reverse order antistrophe: Repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of successive clauses (see epistrophe) antithesis: Juxtaposition of opposing or contrasting ideas aphorismus: Statement that calls into question the definition of a word aposiopesis: Breaking off or pausing speech for dramatic or emotional effect apostrophe: Directing the attention away from the audience and to a personified abstraction apposition: Placing of two elements side by side, in which the second defines the first assonance: Repetition of vowel sounds, most commonly within a short passage of verse asteismus: Facetious or mocking answer that plays on a word asyndeton: Omission of conjunctions between related clauses cacophony: Juxtaposition of words producing a harsh sound cataphora: Co-reference of one expression with another expression which follows it (example: If you need one, there's a towel in the top drawer.) classification: Linking a proper noun and a common noun with an article chiasmus: Word order in one clause is inverted in the other (inverted parallelism). climax: Arrangement of words in order of increasing importance commoratio: Repetition of an idea, re-worded conversion (linguistics): An unaltered transformation of a word of one word class into another word class consonance: Repetition of consonant sounds, most commonly within a short passage of verse dystmesis: A synonym for tmesis ellipsis: Omission of words enallage: Substitution of forms that are grammatically different, but have the same meaning enjambment: Breaking of a syntactic unit (a phrase, clause, or sentence) by the end of a line or between two verses enthymeme: Informal method of presenting a syllogism epanalepsis: Repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end of the clause or sentence epistrophe: (also known as antistrophe) Repetition of the same word or group of words at the end of successive clauses. The counterpart of anaphora euphony: Opposite of cacophony - i.e. pleasant sounding hendiadys: Use of two nouns to express an idea when the normal structure would be a noun and a modifier hendiatris: Use of three nouns to express one idea homeoptoton: in a flexive language the use the first and last words of a sentence in the same forms homographs: Words that are identical in spelling but different in origin and meaning homonyms: Words that are identical with each other in pronunciation and spelling, but differing in origin and meaning homophones:Words that are identical with each other in pronunciation but differing in origin and meaning hypallage: Changing the order of words so that they are associated with words normally associated with others hyperbaton: Unusual or inverted word order hyperbole: Exaggeration of a statement hysteron proteron: The inversion of the usual temporal or causal order between two elements isocolon: Use of parallel structures of the same length in successive clauses internal rhyme: Using two or more rhyming words in the same sentence kenning: A metonymic compound where the terms together form a sort of anecdote merism: Referring to a whole by enumerating some of its parts non sequitur: Statement that bears no relationship to the context preceding onomatopoeia: Word that imitates a real sound (e.g. tick-tock or boom) paradiastole: Repetition of the disjunctive pair "neither" and "nor" parallelism: The use of similar structures in two or more clauses paraprosdokian: Unexpected ending or truncation of a clause parenthesis: Insertion of a clause or sentence in a place where it interrupts the natural flow of the sentence paroemion: Resolute alliteration in which every word in a sentence or phrase begins with the same letter parrhesia: Speaking openly or boldly, or apologizing for doing so (declaring to do so) perissologia: The fault of wordiness pleonasm: Use of superfluous or redundant words polyptoton: Repetition of words derived from the same root polysyndeton: Repetition of conjunctions pun: When a word or phrase is used in two(or more) different senses repetition: Repeated usage of word(s)/group of words in the same sentence to create a poetic/rhythmic effect sibilance: Repetition of letter 's', it is a form of alliteration sine dicendo: A statement that is so obvious it need not be stated, and if stated, it seems almost pointless (e.g. 'It's always in the last place you look.') spoonerism: Interchanging of (usually initial) letters of words with amusing effect superlative: Declaring something the best within its class i.e. the ugliest, the most precious symploce: Simultaneous use of anaphora and epistrophe: the repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning and the end of successive clauses synchysis: Interlocked word order synesis: Agreement of words according to the sense, and not the grammatical form synecdoche:Part for whole and whole for part synizesis: Pronunciation of two juxtaposed vowels or diphthongs as a single sound synonymia: Use of two or more synonyms in the same clause or sentence tautology: Redundancy due to superfluous qualification; saying the same thing twice tmesis: Division of the elements of a compound word zeugma: The using of one verb for two actions  Tropes  Main article: Trope (linguistics) allegory: Extended metaphor in which a story is told to illustrate an important attribute of the subject alliteration: Repetition of the first consonant sound in a phrase. allusion: Indirect reference to another work of literature or art anacoenosis: Posing a question to an audience, often with the implication that it shares a common interest with the speaker antanaclasis: A form of pun in which a word is repeated in two different senses anthimeria: Substitution of one part of speech for another, often turning a noun into a verb anthropomorphism: Ascribing human characteristics to something that is not human, such as an animal or a god (see zoomorphism) antimetabole: Repetition of words in successive clauses, but in transposed grammatical order antiphrasis: Word or words used contradictory to their usual meaning, often with irony antonomasia: Substitution of a phrase for a proper name or vice versa aphorism: Tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion, an adage apophasis: Invoking an idea by denying its invocation apostrophe: Addressing a thing, an abstraction or a person not present archaism: Use of an obsolete, archaic, word (a word used in olden language, e.g. Shakespeare 's language) auxesis: Form of hyperbole, in which a more important sounding word is used in place of a more descriptive term bathos: Pompous speech with a ludicrously mundane worded anti-climax catachresis: Mixed metaphor (sometimes used by design and sometimes a rhetorical fault) circumlocution: "Talking around" a topic by substituting or adding words, as in euphemism or periphrasis commiseration: Evoking pity in the audience correctio: Linguistic device used for correcting one's mistakes, a form of which is epanorthosis denominatio: Another word for metonymy double negative: Grammar construction that can be used as an expression and it is the repetition of negative words dysphemism: Substitution of a harsher, more offensive, or more disagreeable term for another. Opposite of euphemism epanorthosis: Immediate and emphatic self-correction, often following a slip of the tongue enumeratio: A form of amplification in which a subject is divided, detailing parts, causes, effects, or consequences to make a point more forcibly epanodos: Repetition in a sentence with a reversal of words. Example: The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath erotema: Synonym for rhetorical question euphemism: Substitution of a less offensive or more agreeable term for another exclamation: An emphatic parenthetic addition that is complete in itself, exclamation differs from interjection in that it usually involves an emotional response. hermeneia: Repetition for the purpose of interpreting what has already been said humour: Provoking laughter and providing amusement hyperbaton: Words that naturally belong together are separated from each other for emphasis or effect hyperbole: Use of exaggerated terms for emphasis hypocatastasis: An implication or declaration of resemblance that does not directly name both terms hypophora: Answering one's own rhetorical question at length hysteron proteron: Reversal of anticipated order of events; a form of hyperbaton innuendo: Having a hidden meaning in a sentence that makes sense whether it is detected or not inversion: A reversal of normal word order, especially the placement of a verb ahead of the subject (subject-verb inversion). invocation: Apostrophe to a god or muse irony: Use of word in a way that conveys a meaning opposite to its usual meaning kataphora: Repetition of a cohesive device at the end litotes: Emphasizing the magnitude of a statement by denying its opposite malapropism: Using a word through confusion with a word that sounds similar meiosis: Use of understatement, usually to diminish the importance of something merism: Statement of opposites to indicate reality metalepsis: Referring to something through reference to another thing to which it is remotely related metaphor: Stating one entity is another for the purpose of comparing them in quality metonymy: Substitution of an associated word to suggest what is really meant neologism: The use of a word or term that has recently been created, or has been in use for a short time. Opposite of archaism onomatopoeia: Words that sound like their meaning oxymoron: Using two terms together, that normally contradict each other parable: Extended metaphor told as an anecdote to illustrate or teach a moral lesson paradox: Use of apparently contradictory ideas to point out some underlying truth paradiastole: Extenuating a vice in order to flatter or soothe paraprosdokian: Phrase in which the latter part causes a rethinking or reframing of the beginning parallel irony: An ironic juxtaposition of sentences or situations (informal) paralipsis: Drawing attention to something while pretending to pass it over parody: Humouristic imitation paronomasia: A form of pun, in which words similar in sound but with different meanings are used pathetic fallacy: Using a word that refers to a human action on something non-human periphrasis: Using several words instead of few personification/prosopopoeia/anthropomorphism: Attributing or applying human qualities to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena praeteritio: Another word for paralipsis procatalepsis: Refuting anticipated objections as part of the main argument prolepsis: Another word for procatalepsis proslepsis: Extreme form of paralipsis in which the speaker provides great detail while feigning to pass over a topic proverb: Succinct or pithy expression of what is commonly observed and believed to be true pun: Play on words that will have two meanings rhetorical question: Asking a question as a way of asserting something. Asking a question which already has the answer hidden in it. Or asking a question not for the sake of getting an answer but for asserting something (or as in a poem for creating a poetic effect) satire: Humoristic criticism of society sensory detail Imagery: sight, sound, taste, touch, smell simile: Comparison between two things using like  or as  snowclone: Quoted or misquoted clich&eacute; or phrasal template superlative: Saying that something is the best of something or has the most of some quality, e.g. the ugliest, the most precious etc. syllepsis: Form of pun, in which a single word is used to modify two other words, with which it normally would have differing meanings syncatabasis (condescension, accommodation): adaptation of style to the level of the audience synecdoche: Form of metonymy, in which a part stands for the whole Synesthesia : Description of one kind of sense impression by using words that normally describe another. tautology: Needless repetition of the same sense in different words Example: The children gathered in a round circle transferred epithet: Placing of an adjective with what appears to be the incorrect noun truism: a self-evident statement tricolon diminuens: Combination of three elements, each decreasing in size tricolon crescens: Combination of three elements, each increasing in size zeugma: A figure of speech related to syllepsis, but different in that the word used as a modifier is not compatible with one of the two words it modifies zoomorphism: Applying animal characteristics to humans or gods

Alphabetical list of all figures of speech?

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