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At any given time, Earth and Mars may be anywhere from 55 million kilometers apart to over 401 million kilometers apart (34 to 249 million miles). At some times of the year, they are on opposite sides of the Sun.

The Earth orbits the Sun in an ellipse (elongated circle or oval). Mars has a similar shaped orbit - but farther out. They also orbit at different speeds.

The farthest the Earth ever gets from the Sun is 152 million kilometers and the

nearest Mars ever gets to the Sun is 207 million kilometers. So Earth and Mars could, very rarely, be as little as 55 million kilometers (34 million miles) apart, when they are directly in line with the Sun. The closest recent distance was in 2003, when they were 56 million kilometers at closest approach.

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