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Visualize this: Cut the earth in half, and look into one half as if you are looking at a circular target. At the center is the center of the earth. Imagine a line from the center straight up to 12 o'clock and another line from center to 3 o'clock, forming a right angle. At three o'clock you have zero degrees as measured from the center; this is the equator. The individual degrees upward toward the pole at 90 degrees will define arcs on earth's surface of equal distances. These are degrees of latitude.

Lines of longitude are farthest apart at the equator, and they all converge at the poles. So the angular size of any degree will be at its largest at the equator, and will be zero at the poles.

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