Look at the 4th band:
A resistor with only 3 bands is 20%
Resistors made to a 20% tolerance do not have a color in the 4th tolerance band.
twice of the value of circular tolerance
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Yes, it is.
To determine if the resistors lie within the tolerance limits, you need to compare the measured resistance values of the resistors with the specified range provided by the tolerance. If the measured resistance values fall within this specified range, then the resistors are within tolerance limits.
it is because the tolerance between tow of the resistors would overlap and that would be pointless.
Resistors made to a 20% tolerance do not have a color in the 4th tolerance band.
A: Resistors are never precise they normally come with 5% tolerance. However if precise tolerance is needed one can purchase a precise resistor down to 0,01% or even lower % but these resistors are special and made special for each application
you don't. you calculate resistors required for your needs then select closest available resistors made with acceptable tolerance.
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Risistance, tolerance, and wattage.
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Resistors are in series if they are connected end-to-end, creating one path for current to flow. Resistors are in parallel if they are connected side by side, providing multiple paths for current to flow. You can determine if resistors are in series or parallel by examining how they are connected in a circuit.
All electronic components have a tolerance value in their specification. For resistors, it is specified as a plus or minus tolerance. Typical ranges are 5%, 10%, and 20%, though you can get 1% and 0.1% (matched set) resistors if you want to pay the price. In addition, each measurement has systematic and random error associated with it. All of this must be considered when measuring the impedance of a resistor.
Timing circuits, and any circuit that depends on the resistor value being fairly precise, such as voltage dividers and comparators. Old story....engineers knew that you couldn't pick through a bunch of loose precision resistors to find close tolerance resistors....The manufacurer already took the close precision resistors and sold them separately. This is not so true these days. Even low tolerance resistors might be high precision. Usually the manufacturer will fill the loose precision needs with parts better than required.
To read the value of a resistor: Resistors are color coded, you can use the chart found below And how accurate the values of resistors are is their tolerance, also found in the chart