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Ionic bond. When atoms gain or lose electrons (negatively-charged particles) they become ions. If an atom gains electrons it becomes a negative ion (an anion, eg Cl-). if an atom lose an electron it becomes a positive ion (a cation, eg Na+). The electrical attraction between oppositely-charged ions (eg Na+ and Cl-) is an ionic bond. See http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/chemistry/classifyingmaterials/ionic_bondingrev5.shtml which includes a simple animation.

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Q: A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved?
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