According to Lamarc evolution resulted from the inheritance of traits?

Answer 1

Yes. According to Lamarckian evolution offspring inherit the traits that its parents have accumulated during their lifetimes. For example, the ancestor of giraffes would have short necks but when food was scarce some of the giraffe ancestors would stretch their necks to reach higher foliage and pass on that trait of longer necks. These stretches continue and are passed on from generation to generation and resulted in the giraffes that we know now. This initial theory was flawed since it could not explain phenomenon such as why human parents who have become intelligent and well-built in life can give rise to children with radically different traits.

This considered, Darwinian evolution was superior in many ways and more in-line with current Biology since it does not involved the passage of acquired traits but the inheritance of random germline mutations. Random germline mutations that give rise to a favourable trait would be passed on by the fact that the mutations are germline. For the case of the giraffe, a giraffe ancestor would have given birth to an offspring with a mutation that caused it to have an elongated neck. This offspring would be capable of reaching higher foliage and therefore have greater fitness due to its increased chance of survival. In time this mutation would be propagated through the original species due to the new phenotype outcompeting the old one.