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I have worked as a development scientist for over 10 years now. This mythical vacuum has been talked about for many years. It is theoretically possible for a slight vacuum to form if the conditions are just right. For the conditions to apply you need to have:

A sample vial filled beyond the top fill line (partially coming out of the vial with surface tension holding it in) and a very tight cap so that there is almost no air in the vial.

Most autosamplers cannot withdraw more than 100 µL at any given time and the top fill line of a vial is 1.5 mL, the headspace is effectively .2 mL give or take a bit. A 100µL withdraw would create a pressure in the vial of ~ .6 atm until the syringe exits the vial upon which it would equalize. It is very unlikely this would cause an appreciable difference in the injection volume.

If you're looking for sources of error, it's much more likely that there is an issue with the lamp intensity causing the variability. I have seen the vacuum problem before, but it's always in very extenuating circumstances.

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Q: Can vacuum pressure be created inside an HPLC autosampler vial because of over-tightenning of cap or over-filling of vial?
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