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Antibodies can attack both extracellular and intracellular antigens.
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What would happen if we didn't have b-cells?
We wouldn't be able to make antibodies to fight antigens(pretty much anything bad that enters our body and creates sickness). Bad bacteria and viruses and fungi would attack your body without anything stopping them.
How a T cell and B cell work together to produce antibodies?
T cells will first have to be activated by peptide presentation on MHC class II and differentiate into T helper 2 cell and T helper 2 cell will secrete cytokines IL-4, IL-5 to help B cell differentiate into a plasma cell.
What is the difference between blood types?
The red blood cells define the blood group you actually belong to. There are small markers known as antigens on the red cells surface, but they are so tiny that it cannot be viewed under a microscope. However, every person has different antigens but for identical twins. The antigens identify the blood types and are the key to match the transfusions as well that helps in avoiding serious complications. The blood group structure is defined as the ABO system. Another significant factor worth considering is the Rh system. All the blood groups have the possibility of having Rh antigens. Conversely, there are some who have it, while some do not have it. In case, the blood group belongs to Rh antigens, then they are Rh positive and a person having A blood group with Rh positive is recognized as A+. In case a person has A blood group with Rh negative, then it is A-. This is the same pattern followed for O, B or AB blood group as well. The Rh system duals the blood groups effectively so that the positive blood type does not get mixed with negative.
How does a B cell tell the difference between an invader cell and a body cell?
Antigens work as bar-codes to help the immune system differentiate between body cells and pathogens. Normally the body will not attack its own cells, but is programmed to attack those with foreign antigens.
If a person has blood type A he or she cannot receive a blood transfusion from a person with blood type O?
It depends on what you mean by "blood". If you mean Red Blood Cells, it is due to somthing called antigens. Type O has IgM anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies in blood serum, and this would "attack" blood that had A or B antibodies. Since AB has both, it cannot donate to O, and O can only receive O. With regards to Blood Plasma however, AB can donate to any group, including O.
What is the difference between antibodies and antitoxins?
Antibodies attach to antigens preventing them from attacking cells in the body. Antitoxins attack antigens and destroy them
Why the A antibody of the AB recipient does not atack the donor A antigen on blood?
Having AB blood means you already have both A and B antigens in your organisms, so you DON'T have the antibodies, the A antigen doesn't affect the AB recipient 'cause it doesn't consider it as foreign (it's the same for the B antigen)
When the antibodies in the patient's serum attack antigens on the erythrocytes in donor blood this is known as?
When the antibodies in the patient's serum attack antigens on the erythrocytes in donor blood, this is known as red blood cell incompatibility. Patients should receive blood with the same ABO and Rh(D) classification. A and B are dissimilar antigens on the red cells. The immune system recognizes antigens as foreign. O cells do not have A or B antigens.
What is the difference between antibodies and antigens?
Antigen is a substance that can induce the generation of antibodies, any substance that can induce immune response. Antibody is a protective protein produced by the body in response to an antigen.
What forms in the blood to help fight invading antigens?
Antibodies. Also, white blood cells attack foreign substances in the blood.
What are the natural defenses that your body has against harmful substances and disease?
Your body uses antibodies to attack any harmful substances in your body. These harmful substances are called antigens.
What does it mean to have an ab blood type?
Blood can either be A, B, AB or O.This is differentiated by the antigen proteins on the cell. A has a antigens, b has b antigens, o has none, and AB has a and b antigens. You body also makes antibodies against what it doesn't have. So in your case, you have both and therefore dont create a or b antibodies. This makes you a universal acceptor. However, you can only donate to other AB people because if you give you blood to an A person, there body will attack the B antigens on your blood and same goes for B people.
Which blood type would a hospital find the most useful?
AB Neg is priorty followed by B Neg
Are antigens produced by white blood cells and attack substances that may be harmful to the body?
Antigens are foreign proteins that your immune system can recognize as being harmful to your body, so it produces antibodies that memorize the antigen protein so it can launch an immune response if it ever again invades your body.
Which of the following initiates an attack against a specific antigen or pathogen?
Plasma Cell initiate attacks against specific antigens. Plasma cells are B cells bearing specific antibodies for binding to a specific antigen.
What would happen if we didn't have b-cells?
We wouldn't be able to make antibodies to fight antigens(pretty much anything bad that enters our body and creates sickness). Bad bacteria and viruses and fungi would attack your body without anything stopping them.
Is H1N1 an antigen?
Yes, anything that triggers your immune system to have a response would be considered an antigen. H1N1 is a virus that causes influenza, and the detection of the presence of the virus will cause our immune systems to attack it. The immune system creates antibodies which can grab antigens to flag them as targets and disable them, which are then attacked and destroyed by other cells from the immune system. Once the body has developed antibodies to match the antigens of a particular invader , the pattern of those antibodies is stored by the immune system, and duplicates can be readily produced to grab that invader, if it or one like it, is detected again. That is what gives you immunity.
