Do blood cells move from the axon terminal to the dendrites?

Answer 1

Technically a neural impulse moves from the cell body to the axon terminal, because a nerve impulse is defined as an electrical signal that travels along an AXON.

This may be confusing because neural signals move in three places with respect to the neurons, in three correspondingly different ways, and only one is called the neural impulse.

Neural signals move in these places: betweenneurons (ie, from one neuron to another), intoneurons, and along axons (the outputs of neurons, when a neuron has fired).

BETWEEN NEURONS: A neural signal can be passed from one neuron to another, at a synapse, across the synaptic cleft, by the release of chemicals called neurotransmittersfrom the presynaptic neuron, which diffuse across the synaptic cleft, to fit into receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. This is a chemical transmission of the neural signal, not an impulse.

INTO A NEURON: when a signal has passed from one neuron to another by the release, diffusion, and reception of neurotransmitters, it initiates a graded response in the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron, which travels with decreasing strength down the dendrites and across the soma (cell body), until it reaches the root of the axon, the axon hillock. This graded response is also not an impulse.

ALONG THE AXON: if enough graded response signalsreach the axon hillock at about the same time, (it might be helpful to think of them as degraded signals, since they get weaker the further they travel), such that their combined strengths can trigger an all or nothing action potential in the axon, then it can be said that the neuron has fired a neuronal impulse.

So, there are neural signals which move betweenneurons and into neurons, and neural impulses which fire and move along axons from the cell body (soma).

Answer 2

No, blood cells do not move from the axon terminal to the dendrites; neurotransmitters are the chemicals which move across the synaptic cleft from axon to dendrite.