How are copies of DNA made?

Answer 1

DNA is copied by breaking the hydrogen bonds keeping it together, separating itself into two complimentary strands. Lone base pairs in the nucleus attach to the now single stranded DNA, creating two identical strands of DNA.nnnlknlk A DNA molecule is copied in a process called DNA replication. During DNA replication, the enzyme helicase separates the two strands of DNA nucleotides. The nitrogen bases of the two strands of DNA nucleotides are exposed, and the enzyme DNA polymerase causes new DNA nucleotides to pair with the original, exposed nucleotides according to the base-pairing rule. The result is two identical DNA molecules, each having a new strand of DNA nucleotides, and an original strand of DNA nucleotides. This kind of replication is called semi-conservative replication.

Answer 2

DNA is copied during DNA replication.

The first step of DNA replication involves the unwinding of the double helix. The enzyme helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs of the two anti parallel strands and unwinds the DNA. The enzyme helicase starts to break the hydrogen bonds in an area with a high concentration of adenine and thymine. Adenine and thymine have two hydrogen bonds between them, while guanine and cytosine have three hydrogen bonds between them. Due to this hydrogen bonding , it takes less energy to break two hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine than the three hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine.

Once this occurs the enzyme gyrase relieves the tension of the unwinding DNA strands.

The third step involves single stranded binding proteins. These proteins anneal to the DNA strands to keep the two strands from re-annealing to each other.

In the fourth step RNA primers are are laid by the enzyme primase. DNA replication cannot occur without the RNA primers. The RNA primers give the enzyme DNA polmerase III a place to start replication.

In the fifth step the replication starts by the enzyme DNA polymerase III. The enzyme DNA polymerase III replicates the leading strand continuously towards the replication fork and the lagging strand, which is composed of short fragments, called Okazaki fragments, discontinuously away from the replication fork.

Next the enzyme DNA polmerase I removes the RNA primers and the enzyme ligase attaches the OKazaki fragments.

Once DNA polymerase III reaches the end of the strands, DNA replication is almost complete. The strands go through the process of repair to correct errors such as mismatching of nucleotides. Once the repair process is complete DNA replication is finished.

Answer 3

during replication a DNA molecule is split down the middle where the bases meet. The bases on each side of molecule are used as a pattern for new strand. As the bases on the original molecule are exposed complementary nucleotides are added to each side of the ladder. Two DNA molecules are formed . Half of the molecules is old DNA and half is new DNA.

Answer 4

Copies of DNA are made through a process called DNA replication. In this process, the DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two strands. Enzymes then use each strand as a template to build a new complementary strand, resulting in two identical copies of the original DNA molecule.

Answer 5

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