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The stimulus causes an "Action potential" which is a nerve signal to the brain to indicate whatever happened. This is an all or none response, but the intensity of pain is given by the frequency of these signals.

The stimulus can be very large and the larger it is, the more frequent the Action Potentials.

THE SCIENCE:

* Voltage gated Na+ channels are opened when the charge within the cell moves past the threshold point - depolarization, causing an AP (once it's past the threshold point, it's an all or none response regardless of the strength of the stimuli and the same signal will be sent to the brain)

* Na+ rushes in and another voltage gated channel (this time K+ channel) opens when the charge becomes more positive * K+ channels allow K+ to move out of the cell (down its concentration gradient) repolarizing the cell. (the charge will become more negative because K+ is a positively charged ion)

* These K+ channels are slow to close and during this time is called the refractory period (where an action potential cannot occur again) * There is an absolute refractory period where another AP cannot be generated at all and a relative refractory period where it can * The the stronger the stimuli, the sooner within this refractory period another AP can be generated. Therefore, if the stimuli is strong, the APs will be more frequent, indicating a higer intensity of pain.

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Q: How can the level of pain you feel vary if a stimulus casues an all-or-none response?
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