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How do circulating hormones differ from paracrines and autocrines with reference to their target cells?
Paracrines are a group of local hormones that work on nearby cells. Autocrines stimulate the same cell and circulating hormones can travel long distances to stimulate cells. Hormones only stimulate cells that have their specific receptor.
How do hormones reach the cells they affect?
The traditional approach is that human and animal hormones are produced in endocrine glands, which release them directly into blood, and the bloodstream carries them to their target cells. However, it doesn't necessarily have to be blood, it can be tissue fluid as well. (And not all organisms that have hormones have blood either. In plants for example, hormones can migrate to other cells from the site of production through the plasmodesmata that connect neighboring cells.)
How do hormones travel to their targets in animal cells and in plant cells.?
In animal cells, hormones travel through the bloodstream, which acts as a transport system to carry hormones to their target cells. Hormones in plant cells, on the other hand, can travel through vascular tissues such as xylem and phloem, or they can move through the air as volatile compounds. Once hormones reach their target cells, they bind to specific receptors on the cell membrane or inside the cell, initiating a signaling cascade that leads to a physiological response.
explain why hormones in the bloodstream are able only to affect target cells/organs and not other cells/organs?
Hormones in the bloodstream are able to affect target cells/organs and not other cells/organs because of selective permeability. This means that hormones are only able to pass through the cell membrane of certain cells and organs, and not through the cell membrane of other cells and organs. The cell membrane of the target cells and organs are specialized to allow the hormones to pass through, while the cell membrane of other cells and organs are not specialized and are therefore impermeable to the hormones. This is due to the presence of receptor proteins on the cell membrane of the target cells and organs. These receptor proteins can bind to the hormones and facilitate their entry into the cell. Since these receptor proteins are not present on the cell membrane of other cells and organs, the hormones are unable to bind to them and therefore unable to cross the cell membrane. In addition, hormones can be broken down by enzymes in the bloodstream, which means they can’t reach their target cells and organs if they are exposed to the enzymes. This further ensures that hormones only affect the target cells and organs, and not other cells and organs. In summary, hormones in the bloodstream are able to affect target cells and organs and not other cells and organs because of selective permeability and the presence of receptor proteins on the cell membrane of the target cells and organs. Other cells and organs do not have these specialized receptor proteins and therefore cannot be affected by the hormones.
What is the difference between circulating and local hormones?
Local hormones become active without first entering the bloodstream. They act locally on the same cell that secreted them or on neighboring cells.Circulating hormones enter the bloodstream to be transported to their target cells.
How do the signals of the endocrine system get transmitted to their appropriate target cells?
The endocrine system is a system of glands that secrete hormones (made of proteins) into the blood stream. Once in the blood, these hormones bind to other protein called receptors in the membranes of the target cells. This is how signals are transmitted
How do circulating hormones differ from paracrines and autocrines with reference to their target cells?
Paracrines are a group of local hormones that work on nearby cells. Autocrines stimulate the same cell and circulating hormones can travel long distances to stimulate cells. Hormones only stimulate cells that have their specific receptor.
How do hormones reach the cells they affect?
The traditional approach is that human and animal hormones are produced in endocrine glands, which release them directly into blood, and the bloodstream carries them to their target cells. However, it doesn't necessarily have to be blood, it can be tissue fluid as well. (And not all organisms that have hormones have blood either. In plants for example, hormones can migrate to other cells from the site of production through the plasmodesmata that connect neighboring cells.)
How do hormones travel to their targets in animal cells and in plant cells.?
In animal cells, hormones travel through the bloodstream, which acts as a transport system to carry hormones to their target cells. Hormones in plant cells, on the other hand, can travel through vascular tissues such as xylem and phloem, or they can move through the air as volatile compounds. Once hormones reach their target cells, they bind to specific receptors on the cell membrane or inside the cell, initiating a signaling cascade that leads to a physiological response.
explain why hormones in the bloodstream are able only to affect target cells/organs and not other cells/organs?
Hormones in the bloodstream are able to affect target cells/organs and not other cells/organs because of selective permeability. This means that hormones are only able to pass through the cell membrane of certain cells and organs, and not through the cell membrane of other cells and organs. The cell membrane of the target cells and organs are specialized to allow the hormones to pass through, while the cell membrane of other cells and organs are not specialized and are therefore impermeable to the hormones. This is due to the presence of receptor proteins on the cell membrane of the target cells and organs. These receptor proteins can bind to the hormones and facilitate their entry into the cell. Since these receptor proteins are not present on the cell membrane of other cells and organs, the hormones are unable to bind to them and therefore unable to cross the cell membrane. In addition, hormones can be broken down by enzymes in the bloodstream, which means they can’t reach their target cells and organs if they are exposed to the enzymes. This further ensures that hormones only affect the target cells and organs, and not other cells and organs. In summary, hormones in the bloodstream are able to affect target cells and organs and not other cells and organs because of selective permeability and the presence of receptor proteins on the cell membrane of the target cells and organs. Other cells and organs do not have these specialized receptor proteins and therefore cannot be affected by the hormones.
How do endocrine glands communicate with cells?
endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream and these hormones reach cells and impact these cells.
What glands and send messages to target cells?
The glands that send messages to target cells are primarily endocrine glands, which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Examples include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and pancreas. These hormones travel through the bloodstream to reach specific target cells, where they elicit various physiological responses. This communication is essential for regulating processes such as metabolism, growth, and mood.
What is the difference between circulating and local hormones?
Local hormones become active without first entering the bloodstream. They act locally on the same cell that secreted them or on neighboring cells.Circulating hormones enter the bloodstream to be transported to their target cells.
Which hormone is released when you sleep at night and how does it work inducing sleep?
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted by the endocrine glands into the blood. Hormones are transported via the bloodstream to reach specific cells, called target cells, in other tissues. They produce a specific effect on the activity of cells that are remotely located from their point of origin.
How do hormones leave the cell?
Hormones can leave the cell through different mechanisms, such as passive diffusion through the cell membrane or active transport using specific transport proteins. Some hormones may also interact with receptors on the cell membrane and trigger a signaling cascade that leads to hormone release from the cell.
How do hormones communicate?
Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by glands that travel through the bloodstream to target cells. Once they reach their target cells, hormones bind to specific receptors on the cell surface or inside the cell, triggering a series of biological responses. This communication system helps regulate various processes in the body, such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Are ductless and discharge their hormones into the tissue fluid to be absorbed by the capillaries in the body?
No, ductless glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream for transportation to target organs or tissues. These hormones are not absorbed by capillaries in the tissue fluid, but instead circulate in the blood until they reach their target cells.
