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Well, say the synthesis is from p-amino phenol p-H-O-C6H4-NH2. When treated with one equivalent of acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride, the amino group gets acylated selectively. This is because, '-NH2' group is more nucleophilic than '-OH' group. The product obtained initially is paracetamol or acetaminophen, p-H-O-C6H4-NH-COCH3. The conversion of acetaminophen (p-H-O-C6H4-NH-COCH3) into phenacetin (p-C2H5-O-C6H4-NH-COCH3) is an example of the Williamson's ether synthesis (SN2 mechanism) using a phenoxide and ethyl iodide. The net reaction is: p-H-O-C6H4-NH-COCH3 + K2CO3 + C2H5I --->
p-C2H5-O-C6H4-NH-COCH3 + KI + KHCO3
From the starting material phenol, phenacetin can be made in the following manner:
- Phenol is nitrated using sulfuric acid and sodium nitrate (as phenol is highly activated, its nitration requires very mild conditions compared to the oleum-fuming nitric acid mixture required to nitrate benzene).
- The para isomer is separated from the ortho isomer by fractional distillation.
- The 4-nitrophenol is reduced to 4-aminophenol using a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in basic medium.
- 4-aminophenol is reacted with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride to give paracetamol.
- Paracetamol is treated with ethyl iodide in basic medium (Williamson's synthesis) to get phenacetin.
What else can I help you with?
Can a sexually transmitted allergic reaction occur from intimate contact with a partner?
No, a sexually transmitted allergic reaction cannot occur from intimate contact with a partner. Allergic reactions are triggered by exposure to allergens, not through sexual contact.
How does an enzyme help a reaction occur?
Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to proceed, making it easier and faster for the reaction to occur. Enzymes achieve this by binding to specific substrates and facilitating the conversion of reactants into products. Additionally, enzymes provide an optimal microenvironment for the reaction to take place.
How do enzymes affect the activation of energy in chemical reactions?
Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction to proceed. This facilitates the reaction to occur more readily and at a faster rate. Ultimately, enzymes speed up the reaction by lowering the energy barrier that needs to be overcome.
What do enzymes change about the amount of energy required to make chemical reaction occur?
Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. This allows the reaction to happen more quickly and efficiently by providing an alternative pathway that is energetically favorable. Enzymes do not affect the overall energy change of the reaction.
How does an enzyme catalyze a reaction and what mechanisms are involved in this process?
An enzyme catalyzes a reaction by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. This allows the reaction to happen more quickly and efficiently. Enzymes achieve this by binding to the substrate molecules involved in the reaction and stabilizing the transition state, making it easier for the reaction to proceed. This process involves mechanisms such as induced fit, where the enzyme changes its shape to better fit the substrate, and active site binding, where the substrate is held in a specific orientation for the reaction to occur.
What food properties occur in the preparation of a lemon meringue tart?
Aeration Gelatinization Caramelising denaturing coagulation dextrinisation milliard reaction
Is HCl plus NaCl reaction?
Any reaction occur in this case.
What is the equation of nacl ccl4?
Any reaction occur.
What is the important of NaOH in preparation of bromoaniline?
NaOH is important in the preparation of bromoaniline as it is used to deprotonate the aniline molecule, making it more nucleophilic. This allows the bromine atom to substitute for one hydrogen atom on the benzene ring to form bromoaniline. Additionally, NaOH helps to maintain the reaction conditions at a suitable pH for the substitution reaction to occur efficiently.
When can you determine a chemical reaction will occur?
Thermodynamically favorable reaction will occur. Also, if the neutral element is higher in the activity series than the charged element, then the reaction will occur.
Why is granulated zinc is preferred to metallic zinc in the preparation of hydrogen using dilute acid?
Granulated zinc has more surface area exposed to the acid, so the reaction can occur more rapidly.
Would a chemical reaction occur if calcium is added to magnesium chloride?
Any reaction occur.
What happens in an endothermic reaction?
An endothermic reaction need heat to occur.
When will a double displacement reaction not occur?
A double displacement reaction will not occur if the products formed are insoluble in the solvent, if no reaction occurs between the two compounds, or if the reaction conditions are not suitable for the reaction to proceed.
If heat is required for a reaction to occur what type of reaction is it?
If heat is required for a reaction to occur, it is an endothermic reaction. Endothermic reactions absorb heat from their surroundings in order to proceed.
What gas must be present for a combustion reaction to occur?
Oxygen gas must be present for a combustion reaction to occur.
What is the reaction of potash alum and NaCl?
Any reaction occur.
