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The frequency of an allele is the total number of alleles of that type in a population where as genotype is the alleles present in all individuals in a population. The Hardy-Weinburg principle and its associated equations allow simple calculations of gene frequency. The basic equation is p+q=1: where p and q represent the dominant and recessive alleles. It is also simple to substitute the letters associated with the alleles you are dealing with for p and q.
For example: If dealing green versus yellow where green is dominant and yellow is recessive green would be G and yellow would be g. Therefore G+g=1.
In this example 40% of the population is yellow or 0.4. This means that g2 = 0.4 and this makes
g = 0.63 (rounded off). Therefore 63 percent of the alleles for this trait are for yellow and 37 percent of the alleles in the population are for green. Since G+g=1 we know that 1.0-0.63=0.37 which is G.
So 40 percent of the population is gg, it's genotype, but the frequency of the g allele is 63 percent'
Likewise 60 percent of the population is GG or Gg but the frequency of G is 37 percent.
There is a secondary equation that allows the calculation of percentages of GG and Gg as well with GG at 13.7% of the population and Gg at approximately 46.6% of the population. gg would be at 39.7%
What else can I help you with?
Which is most inclusive A. Allele B. Genotype?
Genotype is more inclusive than allele. Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including all alleles present at a particular genetic locus. Allele is a specific form of a gene that can be present at a given locus within an organism's genome.
Does having a dominant allele mean that it will be found in greater frequency in the population?
No. For example, the six-finger allele is dominant over the five-finger allele in humans, yet you see almost nobody with six fingers, because it has such a low frequency. It all depends on the allele frequency in a given population.
Does a Tt plant have the same genotype as a TT plant?
Nope! TT is the dominant phenotype (what ever it may be) and tt is the recessive phenotype (what ever that may be).So say T is the allele for Tall plants, t is the allele for short plants. TT would be show the tall phenotype while tt would show the short phenotype. If the genotype was Tt, the phenotype would be tall as well because the T is dominant and masks the phenotype of t (short plants).
What is similar because the heterozygous phenotype is different from the homozygous dominant phenotype?
Both heterozygous and homozygous dominant genotypes have the same dominant allele, resulting in a similar overall phenotype. The difference lies in the fact that heterozygous individuals have one dominant and one recessive allele, leading to a different genotype than homozygous dominant individuals who have two dominant alleles.
The number of trout in a lake drops when the lake is polluted. The trout population increases but the allele frequency is different than it was before the pollution. What type of effect is this?
Apex . . bottleneck
Is it proper to put the dominant allele before a recessive allele when determining the genotype?
Yes, it is common practice to denote the dominant allele before the recessive allele when writing a genotype to highlight the dominant trait. For example, if the dominant allele is represented by "A" and the recessive allele by "a," the genotype for a dominant individual would be written as "AA" rather than "aa."
Which is most inclusive A. Allele B. Genotype?
Genotype is more inclusive than allele. Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including all alleles present at a particular genetic locus. Allele is a specific form of a gene that can be present at a given locus within an organism's genome.
Could you define Minor and major allele frequency?
Minor allele frequency (MAF) is the frequency at which the less common allele appears in a particular population. Major allele frequency (MAF) is the frequency at which the more common allele appears in a particular population. They are useful measures for studying genetic variation within populations.
Why are recessive alleles not removed from populations over time?
If the recessive genotype is selected for more often than the dominant genotype, the recessive allele will become more common than the dominant allele in the gene pool.
What is the relationship between evolution allele frequency and population?
Consider an organism as a collection of inherited traits. Now consider each trait to be the expression of a single allele. An allele is a variant of a gene. For instance, if eye colour is coded for by a single gene, then there may be an allele A that codes for blue eyes, and an allele B that codes for brown eyes. A population gene pool, then, is the collection of all alleles present in a population of organisms from a single species. The allele frequency is the number of times a specific allele occurs in the population gene pool. For instance, the allele frequency of the brown-eye allele may be higher than the frequency of the blue-eye allele, meaning that more people have brown eyes than blue eyes, in this simplification.Evolution is measured in terms of changing allele frequencies. For instance, in our example, we could measure the number of people with blue eyes in generation one, and then measure the number again in generation one hundred. If we see a significant shift in frequency, then evolution has occurred.Nota bene: this is not how it works in reality, but it's easier to explain it in such simple terms than if I were to go into the complexities of population genetics.
Why does natural selection act on phenotype rather than genotype of an organism?
This seems to be an odd question to ask... Unless I'm mistaken, the phenotype of a given organism is governed by its genotype, and changed a fair amount by the organism's environment. Consider the following circumstances: Organism A has a long set of arms, and has a "long arm" allele. Organism B has short arms and a "short arm" allele. For example, A's genotype has the "long arm" allele, and seen in its phenotype it has long arms. The converse is true for B. Judging by your usage of technical terms in your question, I'm sure I don't need to tell you that A will out-compete B, assuming they are in a food-is-up-high environment. So, A will end up with more offspring than B, again assuming that A and B are members of different species. Eventually organism A will become prevalent, and natural selection will have caused there to be more organisms with the "long arms" phenotype, and the "long arm" allele in their genotype. In summation, Genotype governs Phenotype, and the best geno- and phenotypes will be chosen by natural selection. By an organism having a superior phenotype, it also has a superior genotype.
Does having a dominant allele mean that it will be found in greater frequency in the population?
No. For example, the six-finger allele is dominant over the five-finger allele in humans, yet you see almost nobody with six fingers, because it has such a low frequency. It all depends on the allele frequency in a given population.
Does a Tt plant have the same genotype as a TT plant?
Nope! TT is the dominant phenotype (what ever it may be) and tt is the recessive phenotype (what ever that may be).So say T is the allele for Tall plants, t is the allele for short plants. TT would be show the tall phenotype while tt would show the short phenotype. If the genotype was Tt, the phenotype would be tall as well because the T is dominant and masks the phenotype of t (short plants).
What is similar because the heterozygous phenotype is different from the homozygous dominant phenotype?
Both heterozygous and homozygous dominant genotypes have the same dominant allele, resulting in a similar overall phenotype. The difference lies in the fact that heterozygous individuals have one dominant and one recessive allele, leading to a different genotype than homozygous dominant individuals who have two dominant alleles.
Why is the allele for albinism is present at a lowere frequency than the allele for pigments?
Because the pigments have higher possibility to survive because of their color of skin/fur they could have an easier camouflage and the albinos cant survive that easy.
The HbS allele sickle cell occurs at a higher frequency in Africa than it does in the US because?
The higher frequency of the HbS allele in Africa is due to historical selective pressure from malaria. People with one copy of the HbS allele have increased resistance to malaria, providing a survival advantage in regions where the disease is prevalent. In the US, where malaria is not as common, there is less selective pressure for the allele to be maintained at high frequencies.
Red-green colour blindness in human is caused by an X-linked recessive allele if the trait occur in 4 of the males in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibriumthen the frequency of this allele is?
If 4% of males in a population have red-green color blindness, then the allelic frequency is 4% in males and in females. If mating is random, then in females, 92.16% do not carry the allele on either X chromosome, 7.68% carry the allele on one X chromosome, and 0.16% carry the allele on both X chromosomes. We have the dominant allele with frequency p and the recessive allele with frequency q, so 0.9216 + 0.0768 + 0.0016 = p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = (p + q)^2 = (0.96 + 0.04)^2
