20 ATP from 8 NADH
12 ATP from 12 FADH2
9 acetyl co-A --> 9 GTP,
67,5 ATP from 27 NADH,
13,5 ATP from 9 FADH2
minus 2 ATP to start beta-oxidation
= 120 ATP
34 ATP molecules are produced by the end of the electron transport chain.
During glycolysis, 2 NADH molecules are produced. During the citric acid cycle, 6 NADH molecules are produced. Therefore, a total of 8 NADH molecules are produced during the complete breakdown of one molecule of glucose.
Two molecules of lactic acid are produced from one molecule of glucose during the process of anaerobic metabolism, known as fermentation, in the absence of oxygen. This reaction is carried out by some organisms like bacteria and muscle cells.
In aerobic respiration, one molecule of glucose can produce up to 36 molecules of ATP through the process of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Each NADH molecule produced in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle can generate up to 3 molecules of ATP, while each FADH2 molecule can generate up to 2 molecules of ATP in the electron transport chain. Overall, the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose generates a maximum of 12 water molecules as a byproduct.
Beta-oxidation is the major pathway by which fatty acids are metabolized. However, there are other minor pathways for fatty acid metabolized. These include alpha-oxidation (for branched fatty acids) and omega-oxidation.
C20H32O2 Arachidonic acid.
No, acetic acid is produced by the oxidation of ethanol. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde, which is further oxidized to acetic acid.
The net number of ATP molecules produced from the complete oxidation of lauric acid (C12:0) is approximately 106 ATP molecules. This is based on the beta-oxidation process that occurs in the mitochondria, generating ATP through the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Fatty acid oxidation produces energy in the form of ATP, as well as acetyl-CoA molecules which can enter the citric acid cycle to generate more ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, the oxidation process generates carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
The Two molecules of pyruvic acid produced in ATP molecules
Acetic acid/ethanoic acid/CH3COOH
One acetyl group produces 1 molecule of FADH2 in the citric acid cycle.
The product formed in the oxidation of 3-methylbutanal is 3-methylbutanoic acid.
An arachidonoyl is a univalent radical formally derived from arachidic acid by removal of the hydroxyl group.
Approximately 106 ATP molecules can be obtained from completely oxidizing a fatty acid with 20 carbons through beta-oxidation and the citric acid cycle. Each round of beta-oxidation generates 4 ATP molecules, and each round of the citric acid cycle generates 12 ATP molecules.
One molecule of stearic acid can produce up to 147 molecules of ATP through beta-oxidation, which is the process of breaking down fatty acids for energy production in cells.
The beta-oxidation of a 12-carbon fatty acid produces 6 acetyl-CoA molecules, which can further enter the citric acid cycle to produce 30 ATP molecules. In addition, 11 NADH + H+ and 11 FADH2 molecules are generated in the beta-oxidation process, contributing to the production of approximately 34 ATP molecules through oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the net yield of ATP from catabolizing a 12-carbon fatty acid by beta-oxidation is approximately 64 ATP molecules.