The electron transport process makes water and ATP and is sometimes called?

Answer 1

To understand this, you have to realize some things about mitochondria - 1) its inner membrane is not permeable for H+(protons). 2) the system is set up like that ATPase (the ATP-producing enzyme) is located in inner mitochondrial membrane and it produces ATP by protons flowing through it from intermembrane space of mitochondria (outside the inner membrane, NOT in mitochondrial matrix) to matrix. To do that, there has to be high amount of protons in intermembrane space; then, the protons flow through the ATPase to mitochondrial matrix by themselves, simply by their concentration gradient.

Now, logically, without nothing, the concentration gradient of the protons would deplete itself through the ATPase in very quickly. That is where the electron transport chain comes in - the electron transport chain basically uses up the energy of electrons taken from food, = reduced NAD+, the NADH. Each NADH carries an electron (or it is two electrons, not sure here) and gives it to the electron transport chain. And in the chain, an energy of the electron is withdrawn and used for pumping of protons to the intermembrane space. Energy of each electron going through the electron transport chain provides for pumping of 10 protons together. For imagination, this is enough for an ATPase to produce about 3 molecules of ATP.

Answer 2

Two different processes here.

Oxidative

phosphorylation.

This is where highly electronegative

oxygen pulls electrons from the ETC

, put them together with hydrogen ions and makes water.

Chemiosmosis. Where the hydrogen ions that were pumped into the outer membrane of the mitochondria fall back down their concentration gradient through the ATP synthase and make ATP.

Answer 3

Oxidative phosphorylation.

Answer 4

Oxidative phosphorylation.

Answer 5

The ATP sythase.