The chemical that waterproofs a cell wall is called lignin. Lignin is also the second-most abundant organic complex polymer on Earth.
animalChitin is a polysaccharide that strengthens the structure of arthropod (insect, crustacean, etc.) exoskeletons, as well as cephalopod (squid and octopus) beaks, and fungal cell walls.
Only 3 kingdoms have cell walls, Protista, Fungi, and Plantae. The cell wall makeup can vary between species of the same kingdom and even between developmental stages of the cell. The most common substance is cellulose in plants.
Fungal cell walls are primarily made of chitin, while plant cell walls are primarily made of cellulose. Fungal cell walls do not contain lignin, which is found in plant cell walls and provides rigidity. Additionally, fungal cell walls do not have chloroplasts like plant cell walls do.
Cellulose is the main component that strengthens the cell walls in plants. It is a complex carbohydrate that provides structural support and rigidity to plant cells, allowing them to maintain their shape and resist the effects of turgor pressure.
Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose, while fungal cells walls are composed of chitin. Both are long-chain starches comprised of many glucose subunits.
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lignin
lignin
Cell Membrane
animalChitin is a polysaccharide that strengthens the structure of arthropod (insect, crustacean, etc.) exoskeletons, as well as cephalopod (squid and octopus) beaks, and fungal cell walls.
Fungal cell walls are made of chitin the same substance that insect and crustacean exoskeleton are made of. Chitin is a polysaccharide a long chain of sugar molecules.
cellulose
peptidoglycan. This substance provides structural support and protection to the bacterial cell by forming a mesh-like network around the cell membrane. Peptidoglycan is a key component of bacterial cell walls and is absent in the cell walls of other organisms, such as plants and animals.
The kingdom fungi has organisms with cell walls made of chitin (the substance that makes up insect exoskeletons).
cellulose is the strong substance that makes up cell walls.
Flatworms are animals, animal cells do not have cell walls!Only bacteria, plants, and some fungi have cell walls around their cells.
Chitin