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How is DNA amplified in molecular biology techniques?
In molecular biology techniques, DNA is amplified through a process called polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR involves heating the DNA to separate its two strands, then using a special enzyme called DNA polymerase to make copies of the DNA strands. This process is repeated multiple times, resulting in a significant increase in the amount of DNA.
What is the attachment site for RNA polymerase?
according to information from http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/trans.htm " if the RNA polymerase attaches to a special sequence called a promoter, an additional small protein, the factor sigma, will also attach to the polymerase and lock it on the DNA. The factor 'sigma' will only attach itself to the complex DNA / RNA polymerase when the RNA polymerase is attached to a promoter. Another hypothesis is that the factor sigma attaches to RNApol anyway and the enzyme is then able to slide along the DNA until it finds a promoter. It prevents detaching and speeds up promoter location, and decreases the affinity of RNApol for general regions of DNA. " Therefore, the answer seems to be, RNA attaches to DNA through a small protein called the factor sigma once the RNA polymerase attaches itself to a chain sequence called a "promoter". according to information from http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/trans.htm " if the RNA polymerase attaches to a special sequence called a promoter, an additional small protein, the factor sigma, will also attach to the polymerase and lock it on the DNA. The factor 'sigma' will only attach itself to the complex DNA / RNA polymerase when the RNA polymerase is attached to a promoter. Another hypothesis is that the factor sigma attaches to RNApol anyway and the enzyme is then able to slide along the DNA until it finds a promoter. It prevents detaching and speeds up promoter location, and decreases the affinity of RNApol for general regions of DNA. " Therefore, the answer seems to be, RNA attaches to DNA through a small protein called the factor sigma once the RNA polymerase attaches itself to a chain sequence called a "promoter". role of sigmaActually RNA Polymerase can bind to DNA anywhere in the entire genome but sigma factor attaches to polymerase only when it is at promotor. sigma factor dissociates when polymerase crosses promotor. sigma factor stablises the pre initiatiation complex. Actually there are many promoter and many genes but which gene to be transcribed is decided by sigma factor.
What are special cells found in the gonads that gives rise to gametes?
Germ cells are the special cells found in the gonads that give rise to gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females). These cells undergo a process called meiosis to produce haploid gametes, which are essential for sexual reproduction.
Explain the role of RNA polymerase in mRNA sythesis?
During transcription, RNA Polymerase binds with upstream of the gene that is to be transcribed into mRNA. This causes the double helix shape of the DNA to unwind. Then, RNA Polymerase uses the template strand of the DNA as guide and synthesizes a complementary mRNA strand using ribonucleotides. Basically, without RNA Polymerase, mRNA would not be synthesized.
What type of chlorophyll does the reaction center contain?
The reaction center contains special chlorophyll called Chlorophyll a.
How is DNA amplified in molecular biology techniques?
In molecular biology techniques, DNA is amplified through a process called polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR involves heating the DNA to separate its two strands, then using a special enzyme called DNA polymerase to make copies of the DNA strands. This process is repeated multiple times, resulting in a significant increase in the amount of DNA.
Role of Taq polymerase in PCR?
taq polymerase is special because it is very stable at high temperatures and will not denature even at the 90 degree step of pcr. taq polymerase is so heat stable because it was extracted from the bacterium thermus aquaticus, which is found in hot springs and geezers
What do you call a special protein that help change substances during chemical reactions?
Enzymes are special proteins that help change substances during chemical reactions by speeding up the reaction process without being consumed in the reaction.
How does Transcription take place?
who? the transcription enzyme RNA polymerase, the promoter DNA and the terminator DNAwhere? in the cell nucleusInitiation The promoter, located in the DNA at the beginning of the gene becomes the binding site for the RNA polymerase. Elongation the RNA polymerase copies and peels away the copied DNA, after copied, the DNA joins back with its matching DNA strand while the newly made RNA leave the polymerase Termination the RNA polymerase reaches a special sequence of bases in the DNA template that signals the end of the gene. The polymerase enzyme detaches from the RNA molecule and the gene who? the transcription enzyme RNA polymerase, the promoter DNA and the terminator DNAwhere? in the cell nucleusInitiation The promoter, located in the DNA at the beginning of the gene becomes the binding site for the RNA polymerase. Elongation the RNA polymerase copies and peels away the copied DNA, after copied, the DNA joins back with its matching DNA strand while the newly made RNA leave the polymerase Termination the RNA polymerase reaches a special sequence of bases in the DNA template that signals the end of the gene. The polymerase enzyme detaches from the RNA molecule and the gene
Pieces of DNA left at a crime scene can be multiplied by using?
DNA fragments are most commonly amplified using a technique called "polymerase chain reaction," or PCR. In PCR, a special DNA-replicating enzyme called a polymerase is used to copy short pieces of DNA over and over again, increasing the number of fragments exponentially with each cycle. Primers (even shorter strands of nucleic acids that match up to short regions on the DNA being amplified) tell the polymerase which part of the DNA to copy. More detailed information on PCR can be found at the related link below.
Ch emicals that are present during a reaction but does not undergo a chemical change?
Chemicals that don't undergo any transformation are called catalysts and speed up a given equation. But as they don't actually get changed in the process of the reaction, this is why they have a special name.
What is the special green substance found in plants?
Chlorophyll is the special green pigment found in plants that helps them in the process of photosynthesis, where they convert sunlight into energy. It gives plants their green color and is essential for their growth and survival.
What is the word for essential of special importance?
relic
What is the meaning of special product?
Special product is the process of combining factors to form products.
What is the reaction between alcohol and salt?
There is no special reaction, the salt will tend to dissolve in the water mixed with the alcohol.
What is the attachment site for RNA polymerase?
according to information from http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/trans.htm " if the RNA polymerase attaches to a special sequence called a promoter, an additional small protein, the factor sigma, will also attach to the polymerase and lock it on the DNA. The factor 'sigma' will only attach itself to the complex DNA / RNA polymerase when the RNA polymerase is attached to a promoter. Another hypothesis is that the factor sigma attaches to RNApol anyway and the enzyme is then able to slide along the DNA until it finds a promoter. It prevents detaching and speeds up promoter location, and decreases the affinity of RNApol for general regions of DNA. " Therefore, the answer seems to be, RNA attaches to DNA through a small protein called the factor sigma once the RNA polymerase attaches itself to a chain sequence called a "promoter". according to information from http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/trans.htm " if the RNA polymerase attaches to a special sequence called a promoter, an additional small protein, the factor sigma, will also attach to the polymerase and lock it on the DNA. The factor 'sigma' will only attach itself to the complex DNA / RNA polymerase when the RNA polymerase is attached to a promoter. Another hypothesis is that the factor sigma attaches to RNApol anyway and the enzyme is then able to slide along the DNA until it finds a promoter. It prevents detaching and speeds up promoter location, and decreases the affinity of RNApol for general regions of DNA. " Therefore, the answer seems to be, RNA attaches to DNA through a small protein called the factor sigma once the RNA polymerase attaches itself to a chain sequence called a "promoter". role of sigmaActually RNA Polymerase can bind to DNA anywhere in the entire genome but sigma factor attaches to polymerase only when it is at promotor. sigma factor dissociates when polymerase crosses promotor. sigma factor stablises the pre initiatiation complex. Actually there are many promoter and many genes but which gene to be transcribed is decided by sigma factor.
What is a type of variation outside predicted control limits called?
A type of variation outside predicted control limits is called "special cause variation" or "assignable cause variation." This variation indicates that there is an unusual or non-random factor affecting the process, which can be investigated and addressed. In contrast to common cause variation, which is inherent to the process, special cause variation signals that something specific has disrupted the system. Identifying and eliminating these special causes is essential for maintaining process stability and quality.
