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Glucose and no other sugar is transported into cells by protein carrier molecules in the cell surface membrane. How do carrier molecules specifically recognize glucose?
Carrier molecules have specific binding sites that are complementary to the structure of glucose molecules. This allows the carrier molecules to selectively recognize and transport glucose across the cell membrane while excluding other sugars. The specificity of recognition is determined by the shape, size, and chemical properties of both the carrier molecule and the glucose molecule.
Is an aquaporin a type of channel protein?
Yes, an aquaporin is a type of channel protein that allows the passage of water molecules across cell membranes.
What are the differences between hydrophilic and hydrophobic cell membranes and how do these differences impact the movement of molecules across the membrane?
Hydrophilic cell membranes are attracted to water, while hydrophobic cell membranes repel water. The differences impact the movement of molecules across the membrane because hydrophilic molecules can easily pass through hydrophilic membranes, while hydrophobic molecules can pass through hydrophobic membranes. This selective permeability allows the cell to control what substances enter and exit.
What allows glucose molecules into cell?
Gluconeogenesis, the production of glucose, occurs only in the liver and the kidney cortex. The process begins in the mitochondria, but a majority of the biosynthetic reactions take place in the cytoplasm. The ultimate metabolite of the pathway produces glucose 6 phosphate, which is transported into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and converted into glucose via the enzyme Glucose 6 Phosphatase. (Glucose is maintained as Glucose 6 phosphate to prevent it escaping from the cell.)
Examples of facilitated diffusion?
Glucose transport across cell membranes using glucose transporters, and water movement through aquaporin channels are examples of facilitated diffusion. These processes involve the movement of molecules across the membrane with the help of specific carrier proteins.
How do carrier proteins transport substances across membranes?
Carrier proteins bind to specific molecules on one side of the membrane, undergo a conformational change, and release the molecules on the other side. This process allows the substances to be transported across the membrane selectively.
How does diffusion help take in oxygen and glucose?
Diffusion allows oxygen and glucose molecules to move from areas of high concentration, such as the bloodstream, to areas of low concentration, such as cells that need them for energy production. This natural process occurs across cell membranes, ensuring that the essential molecules reach their intended targets efficiently.
How are glucose and oxygen passed from the blood through the capillary walls to the cells?
Glucose and oxygen are transported from the blood to cells through capillary walls by a process called diffusion. The concentration gradient between the blood and the cells allows these molecules to passively move across the capillary walls. Once inside the cells, glucose and oxygen are used for energy production through cellular respiration.
Glucose and no other sugar is transported into cells by protein carrier molecules in the cell surface membrane. How do carrier molecules specifically recognize glucose?
Carrier molecules have specific binding sites that are complementary to the structure of glucose molecules. This allows the carrier molecules to selectively recognize and transport glucose across the cell membrane while excluding other sugars. The specificity of recognition is determined by the shape, size, and chemical properties of both the carrier molecule and the glucose molecule.
Is an aquaporin a type of channel protein?
Yes, an aquaporin is a type of channel protein that allows the passage of water molecules across cell membranes.
What are the differences between hydrophilic and hydrophobic cell membranes and how do these differences impact the movement of molecules across the membrane?
Hydrophilic cell membranes are attracted to water, while hydrophobic cell membranes repel water. The differences impact the movement of molecules across the membrane because hydrophilic molecules can easily pass through hydrophilic membranes, while hydrophobic molecules can pass through hydrophobic membranes. This selective permeability allows the cell to control what substances enter and exit.
What allows glucose molecules into cell?
Gluconeogenesis, the production of glucose, occurs only in the liver and the kidney cortex. The process begins in the mitochondria, but a majority of the biosynthetic reactions take place in the cytoplasm. The ultimate metabolite of the pathway produces glucose 6 phosphate, which is transported into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and converted into glucose via the enzyme Glucose 6 Phosphatase. (Glucose is maintained as Glucose 6 phosphate to prevent it escaping from the cell.)
Examples of facilitated diffusion?
Glucose transport across cell membranes using glucose transporters, and water movement through aquaporin channels are examples of facilitated diffusion. These processes involve the movement of molecules across the membrane with the help of specific carrier proteins.
Why absorption rate of galactose is more than glucose?
The absorption rate of galactose is higher than glucose because galactose is transported into enterocytes by a secondary active transport mechanism that involves a carrier protein, which allows for faster absorption. In contrast, glucose is primarily absorbed through facilitated diffusion, which is a slower process.
Are sugars from carbohydrates digestion transported from in the lymph?
No, sugars from carbohydrate digestion are not transported through the lymphatic system. Instead, they are absorbed in the small intestine and transported directly into the bloodstream via the portal vein. This process allows the sugars, primarily in the form of glucose, to be quickly delivered to the liver and other tissues for energy. The lymphatic system primarily transports fats and fat-soluble substances, not carbohydrates.
Which part allows or prevents substances to go into and out of the cell?
The cell membrane acts as the barrier and transport proteins present in the membrane, such as globular proteins, transport molecules across cell membranes.
How does glucose get into the cell and what is the process involved in its transportation?
Glucose enters the cell through a process called facilitated diffusion. This involves the use of specific proteins called glucose transporters, which help move glucose molecules across the cell membrane. The transporters bind to glucose molecules on one side of the membrane and then change shape to carry the glucose into the cell. This process does not require energy and allows cells to take in glucose efficiently for energy production.
