Roadways?
Joints are classified into 3 types 1) Fibrous, includes joints between skull bones 2) Cartilaginous, includes A) Primary, means there is a sheet of cartilage between bones ( Epiphysis and diaphysis, so that bone can grow in length and get ossified, when growth stops. B) Secondary cartilaginous joints in witch a thin plate of cartilage persists like pubic symphysis. 3) Synovial type of joints, including all mobile joints like shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and ankle joints. They have Synovial membrane.
An epiphysis is the end of a long bone (the head) whereas the diaphysis is the shaft of the long bone. These two sections are connected by what's called the mataphysis (the widening of the bone towards the head).Epiphysis is an expanded portion at the end of the bone. Diaphysis is the shaft of the bone.
The major functions of synovial fluid are nutritive, lubricating and shock absorbing as well as having a minor excretory function ,maintenance of the joint stability and prevention of the ends of the joints from being eroded.
When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water will enter the cell. This is called lysis. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will leave the cell (causing it to shrink). This is called plasmolysis.
well, the very first microscpe was a piece of polished glass that was placed between two pieces of wood
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bridges
Concrete expands and contracts depending on the temperature. The strips are called expansion joints.
Once the moisture is out of the concrete and it is cured it should not shrink - it is however in a state of stress so make sure control joints are added to any large concrete areas that are poured and placed.
To prevent sidewalks from cracking in random spots and breaking apart, builders make lines in sidewalks. The technical term for sidewalk lines is contraction joints. Contraction joints are placed in fresh concrete before the concrete dries and has a chance to create its own joints, which we call cracks.
Prevent or reduce cracking of the concrete due to thermal expansion. Most materials expand when heated and contract when cooled. The strips are usually a fibrous material that allows the concrete expand and contract without breaking. Without those strips, random and irregular cracks would occur.
Partially. The asphalt strips are placed between sections of concrete to make up for the expansion and contraction of the earth around the concrete. Because with the changing seasons (mostly summer and winter because their temperatures vary so much from other seasons) the earth "dirt" expands and contracts; such is the same as when you put a glass of water into the freezer, it will look like there is less ice afterward than the amount of water that you put into it because the atoms contract together to make a solid. Also the same as when it is cold out, you can move your body less than you can when it's warmer out.
Honeycombing in concrete can be formed due to the improper consolidation of concrete. If Concrete is not consolidate when it is placed inside of form work air voids could remain between the forms and the concrete creating honeycombing. Proper consolidation can be achieved by the use of vibrators.
Cracking at expansion joints is always acceptable and is the reason for the joint itself. There are two kinds of cracks, pretty ones and ugly ones! Ugly ones are random cracks where the concrete relieves itself from drying shrinkage in a random location within the slab of concrete which is normally not appealing to the eye. Expansion joints are placed at predetermined intervals within the slab where random cracks are weakened planes in locations where cracking is predicted prior to fresh concrete placement. All concrete shrinks when it dries, the larger the slab, the greater the overall shrinkage. When the tensile strength of drying shrinkage exceeds the tensile strength of the concrete, cracking will occur. Lets just hopes it cracks in a spot where we planned it instead of a location where didn't. By the way, joints should be cut at least 25% of the depth of the slab.
Reinforced concrete is just normal concrete with steel reinforement placed inside.
The stips are just gaps in each concrete slab to prevent cracking. A large stretch of road can not be put down as one big slad/section due to shrinkage; its to do with future weather conditions, the water/cement content ratio and how much water is added on site by the people laying it. The wetter it is the easyer it is to lay, but the more water added above the designated slup (wetness) target makes it weaker and more prown to shrinking when its set. So you have to cut stop gaps in each slab. I hope this has been of some help to you. Regards ColinInstead it is poured in smaller sections with small gaps in between that allow the concrete to expand and contract due to heat changes.
Newly placed concrete will often have air pockets in it. Rodding it or vibrating it will cause the concrete to settle, or consolidate, better.