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There are actually three ways that bacteria can cause disease, although the first two are the most commonly cited.

1. Bacteria can cause disease directly by actually attacking and digesting human cells and tissues.

2. Bacteria can cause disease indirectly by producing harmful by-products that harm surrounding tissues.

3. Bacteria can cause disease indirectly by provoking an immune response. In order for this one to count, the immune response must result in the body's immune system destroying or damaging cells and tissue in its attempt to destroy the bacteria.

Some bacteria are capable of damaging the body using all three of these mechanisms.

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